23 marzo 2013

PADOVA: COFFARI DÀ DEL "FALSO" A GIORDANO.
E LA CASSAZIONE (I SEZ. PRES. LUCCIOLI) SMENTISCE COFFARI E LA CASSAZIONE (I SEZ. PRES. LUCCIOLI): PROPRIO SULLA PAS...

Venerdi 22 marzo: su MATTINO 5, l'avvocato Coffari ed il dr. Giordano a confronto. E l'avvocato si slancia subito a parlare da avvocato...


Nel corso della trasmissione di cui qui sopra (“MATTINO5” del 22 marzo 2013), l'avvocato Coffari, a confronto col dr. Giordano, ha sostenuto testualmente (e molto improvvidamente) che alcuni dati forniti dal dr. Giordano - e che smentivano tutte le tesi di Coffari- erano “un falso”.


Tali dati sono, al contrario, del tutto veri.

E smentiscono, appunto, tutte le tesi dell'avvocato Coffari:

1) Coffari ha sostenuto che è “falso” quanto il dr. Giordano ha dichiarato circa l'esistenza di sentenze di Cassazione che -contrariamente a quella di Padova- convalidano l'utilizzo della PAS in procedimenti giudiziari.


L’affermazione dell'avvocato Coffari è smentita dai fatti.

Vi sono almeno due sentenze che convalidano l'utilizzo della PAS in procedimenti giudiziari

Una, addirittura, revoca l'affido ad un padre in quanto la figlia è stata riconosciuta affetta da PAS per sua colpa (5847 dell'8 marzo 2013).


La sentenza smentisce ulteriormente l'avv. Coffari, che sostiene esser la PAS una "invenzione contro le donne e le madri".

La sentenza in questione, infatti, ha tutelato invece la madre proprio utilizzando la PAS.


L'altra sentenza conferma la necessità di un risarcimento del danno provocato da PAS.

Per dire che la Cassazione “ha stracciato l'uso della PAS nelle aule di Giustizia” serve dunque ben altro.

Le due sentenze sono:

- Sez. I Civile, sentenza 8 marzo 2013, n. 5847 (Pres Luccioli, rel. Lamorgese).

- Sez. I Civile, sentenza 12 aprile – 14 maggio 2012, n. 7452 (Pres Luccioli – Relatore De Chiara).


Addirittura, si tratta appunto di sentenze emesse dalla stessa Sezione e dallo stesso Presidente (dr. Luccioli) da cui è uscita la sentenza relativa al caso seguito in Tribunale e in Appello da Coffari (che non è Cassazionista).

A tutto ciò, va aggiunto l'articolo La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale nelle consulenza tecniche d’ufficio: uno studio pilota”, in “Maltrattamento e abuso sull'infanzia”, vol. 7, num. 3, 12/2005, Lavadera A.L., Morasco M..

L'articolo si basa sullo studio di 24 relazioni di consulenza tecnica d’ufficio, stilate da consulenti del Tribunale Civile di Roma dal 2000 al 2004, nelle quali i C.T.U. avevano diagnosticato una PAS secondo i criteri descritti da Gardner (1992).

Non risulta che all'utilizzo di queste diagnosi sia mai stato eccepito alcunché in Cassazione.


PUNTO 2) l’avvocato Coffari ha sostenuto che è “falso” che esista una sterminata letteratura scientifica a conferma della PAS, intesa come PAS o come “alienazione parentale”.

Anche tale affermazione è smentita dalla realtà. 

Esistono quanto meno un migliaio di titoli relativi a studi statunitensi e non.

Aggiungiamo dunque che lascia quanto meno perplessi che la Corte, nel momento in cui imputa alla Sentenza d'Appello una carenza motivazionale, indichi quattro titoli di letteratura contrari alla PAS e non citi in alcun punto l'esistenza di una sterminata letteratura a favore.

Con il massimo rispetto nei confronti del Giudice di legittimità, ci si permetta di osservare che se c’è un difetto di motivazione, esso sta nella sentenza di Cassazione che ha dato ragione alla “mamma di Padova”.

a) In basso, una serie di titoli di letteratura internazionale che convalidano il costrutto di “PAS” o di “Alienazione Parentale”

b) Qui di seguito, un link (clicca qui) relativo al comunicato firmato da una trentina di psicologi e psichiatri forensi italiani nei quali si convalida il costrutto di “Alienazione Parentale” come disturbo relazionale, si evidenzia la necessità di intervenire nei casi di alienazione parentale.

3) l’avvocato Coffari sostiene (con molte -troppe- altre persone) che Gardner difese la pedofilia.

Risulta invece che Gardner ha sempre confutato questa diceria.

Testualmente dice: "I consider pedophilia to be a psychiatric disorder, an abominable exploitation of children": - e poi prosegue: 

"I have never supported a pedophile in his (or her) quest for primary child custody. Because I have testified on behalf of falsely accused defendants, there are some who claim that I am reflexively protective of pedophiles and sympathetic to what they do.  There is absolutely nothing in anything I have ever said or written to support this absurd allegation.  When I conclude in a custody dispute that an accused father has pedophilic tendencies, I will advise the court to provide protection for the children.  I would certainly not recommend primary custody for such a parent.")

Cliccare qui per andare al documento 1 e documento 2 in cui Gardner smentisce tali affermazioni.

Semmai, Gardner ha sostenuto che una traccia di pedofilia vi è in ogni essere umano. 

Ma questo non significa ovviamente legittimarla, cioè ritenere che si tratti di una condizione eticamente accettabile. 

Fraintendere in tal modo il pensiero di Gardner è come affermare che siccome una tendenza sadica è presente in tutti gli esseri umani, questa è una difesa dell'omicidio e della tortura.


UNA NOTA SULLE POSIZIONI DELL'AVVOCATO COFFARI
L'avvocato Coffari è … un avvocato.


Non è un medico, non è uno psicologo, non è uno psichiatra né uno psicanalista, non è un medico legale.

Nell’ambito del suo contratto di mandato, ha quindi tutelato egregiamente gli interessi della parte che assisteva nel giudizio innanzi alle Corti di merito (non dinanzi alla Suprema Corte di Cassazione, non essendo abilitato al relativo patrocinio).

E in quel contesto - nel quale le sue tesi difensive sono state rigettate, a differenza di quanto poi è accaduto in Cassazione - ha ritenuto opportuno negare nei propri atti processuali l’esistenza della PAS.

Per un avvocato, la tutela della parte che assiste è la finalità unica, retoricamente si può dire suprema, del proprio agire, e trova come unico limite l’osservanza della legge. 

In altri termini, il difensore non ha come scopo la verità storica o scientifica dei fatti, ma la tutela degli interessi del soggetto che assiste.

In questo caso, l'avvocato, anzi, tutela gli interessi del genitore e non quelli del bambino,. 

In ipotesi, infatti, il bambino potrebbe addirittura avere un interesse contrastante da quello del genitore (e in questo caso il genitore è quello seguito dall'avv. Coffari).



Se, per esempio, il cliente consegna al proprio avvocato un documento dal quale risulta una sua responsabilità, egli non ha il dovere di esibirlo (probabilmente il dovere contrario). 

Se così non fosse non esisterebbe la professione forense che è uno degli indici migliori e più elevati di una società civile (tant’è vero che nelle esperienze storiche delle dittature anche contemporanee, essa è gravemente compressa).

Se dunque in un giudizio per gli stessi fatti un avvocato (quindi anche l’avvocato Coffari ) ritenesse, secondo scienza e coscienza, necessario, per poter ottenere la vittoria del cliente che rappresenta, sostenere l’esistenza della PAS come sindrome (in ipotesi: perché difende il genitore che accusa l’altro genitore di esserne affetto), avrebbe il dovere deontologico di agire in tal senso e di tentare di convincere i Giudici, in tutti i possibili modi, che la PAS è una vera e propria sindrome, dannosissima per il minore.

Un medico o uno psicologo - ovviamente allorquando non svolgono funzioni assimilabili a quelle di un difensore (ad esempio, Consulente Tecnico di parte) - hanno invece il dovere deontologico, che è innanzitutto e prima ancora un dovere verso se stessi e verso la propria coscienza, di esprimere il parere che più ritengono essere la “verità”, o almeno la “loro” verità (affermazione, quest’ultima, che si colloca nel margine della necessitata perfettibilità delle persone, almeno di quelle intelligenti e oneste, che sanno di non sapere e quindi sanno benissimo che possono sbagliare).

Non si sta qui a dire quale dei due mestieri sia eticamente più importante perché lo sono entrambi: è un problema di differenza di ruoli e non di valore intrinseco.

Ma un avvocato quando parla della PAS parla da ...avvocato, su mandato del cliente


LE SENTENZE DELLA CASSAZIONE
Riportiamo qui di seguito due sentenze di Cassazione che convalidano l'utilizzo della PAS come diagnosi. Le sentenze sono della stessa Sezione che ha emesso la sentenza per il bambino di Padova, e sono dell'otto marzo 2013 e del dodici aprile 2012.
Identico è pure il Presidente che le ha firmate (dr. Luccioli):Sentenza dell'otto marzo 2013: il motivo dell'impugnazione è sfornito di elementi idonei ad intaccare la decisione sull'affido, motivato sulla base dell'esistenza della PASCirca l'utilizzo di questa diagnosi:
Il motivo inoltre è sfornito di elementi idonei ad intaccare la decisione sull’affidamento motivata in ragione dell’esistenza di una sindrome da alienazione parentale (PAS) causata da pressioni paterne che avrebbero inficiato i risultati dell’audizione ....La corte di appello, utilizzando la predetta relazione della Asl che diagnosticava una sindrome da alienazione parentale dei figli ed evidenziava il danno irreparabile da essi subito per la privazione del rapporto con la madre, si è limitata a fare uso del potere, attribuito al giudice dall’art. 155 sexies, comma 1, c.c., di assumere mezzi di prova anche d’ufficio ai fini della decisione sul loro affidamento esclusivo alla madre
Sentenza del 12 aprile – 14 maggio 2012: la diagnosi di PAS posta da una ASL non solo viene accettata ma anche riconosciuta idonea a costituire premessa per un risarcimento del danno al padre alienato. La madre era stata “ritenuta responsabile della sindrome da alienazione genitoriale da cui era affetta la figlia” e sul punto -come nemmeno sulla diagnosi- la Corte nulla ha eccepito.
Cass. Civ., sentenza 8 marzo 2013 n. 5847 (Pres Luccioli, rel. Lamorgese)
Svolgimento del processo
In un giudizio di separazione personale dei coniugi M.R. e B.F., la Corte di appello di Y, con sentenza 11 giugno 2010, in parziale accoglimento dell’appello proposto da M.R. e riformando la impugnata sentenza 20 giugno 2008 del Tribunale di Y, ha affidato i due figli minori alla madre, con divieto provvisorio di contatti con il padre, le ha assegnato l’abitazione e ha posto a carico del B. l’obbligo di versarle un assegno mensile di € 800,00 per il mantenimento dei figli; ha confermato la prima decisione che aveva dichiarato abbandonata la domanda di addebito della separazione e condannato l’appellato alle spese del giudizio.Dalla ricostruzione fatta dalla corte di appello, per quanto ancora interessa, risulta che il tribunale aveva disposto l’affidamento condiviso dei figli collocandoli presso il padre e disciplinato la frequentazione con la madre e, con successivo decreto 12 settembre 2008, ne aveva limitato gli incontri con i figli; aveva assegnato al marito la casa coniugale e posto a carico della moglie M. l’obbligo di versare un assegno di mantenimento per i figli.I giudici di appello, anche sulla base di una relazione del servizio di psichiatria della Asl di X, hanno ritenuto che il comportamento negativo dei figli verso la madre fosse stato provocato dalla condotta ostruzionistica del marito che aveva ostacolato gli incontri e ingiustificatamente screditato la figura della madre nei loro confronti, in tal modo danneggiandone l’equilibrio psichico; hanno quindi ritenuto che l’affidamento condiviso fosse pregiudizievole per i minori, che hanno affidato pertanto alla madre in via esclusiva.Avverso la suddetta sentenza B.F. propone ricorso per cassazione articolato in sette motivi.M.R. resiste con controricorso illustrato da memoria.
Motivi della decisione
Nel primo motivo è dedotta la nullità dell’atto di appello di M.R. del 15 ottobre 2008 in quanto la procura alle liti non era ad esso incorporata ma solo spillata mediante punti metallici.Il motivo è infondato, alla luce dell’art. 83, comma 3, c.p.c. nel quale l’art. 1 della legge n. 141 del 1997 ha aggiunto, in fine, il seguente periodo: “La procura si considera apposta in calce anche se rilasciata su foglio separato che sia però congiunto materialmente all’atto cui si riferisce”. La collocazione materiale della procura, in seguito alla citata novella, fa ritenere certa la provenienza del potere di rappresentanza e dà luogo alla presunzione di riferibilità della procura stessa al giudizio cui accede.Nel secondo motivo è dedotta la violazione dell’art. 155 sexies c.c., introdotto dalla legge n. 54 del 2006 (sulla scorta degli artt. 12 della Convenzione di New York sui diritti del fanciullo e 6 della Convenzione di Strasburgo del 25 gennaio 1996, ratificata con la legge n. 77 del 2003), per la mancata audizione dei minori C. e R. (rispettivamente di quindici e nove anni nel 2010).Il motivo infondato oltre che generico. Il ricorrente non ha precisato a quale fase del giudizio sia riferita la denunciata violazione, né tiene conto che l’audizione dei figli minori (che abbiano compiuto dodici anni e anche di età inferiore ove capaci di discernimento) costituisce un adempimento necessario nelle procedure relative al loro affidamento nel primo grado di giudizio, con la conseguenza che la nullità della sentenza per la violazione dell’obbligo di audizione può essere fatta valere nei limiti e secondo le regole fissate dall’art. 161 c.p.c. e, dunque, è deducibile con l’appello (v. Cass. n. 1251/2012). Il motivo inoltre è sfornito di elementi idonei ad intaccare la decisione sull’affidamento motivata in ragione dell’esistenza di una sindrome da alienazione parentale (PAS) causata da pressioni paterne che avrebbero inficiato i risultati dell’audizione.Nel terzo motivo è dedotto il vizio di motivazione per essere la decisione sull’affidamento stata assunta sulla base di una relazione svolta ad altri fini dal Servizio di psichiatria della Asl, cioè nell’ambito di un percorso di mediazione familiare attivato dal tribunale per i minorenni, ed irritualmente acquisita d’ufficio dalla Corte di appello senza tenere conto di altri elementi istruttori in atti.Il motivo è infondato. La corte di appello, utilizzando la predetta relazione della Asl che diagnosticava una sindrome da alienazione parentale dei figli ed evidenziava il danno irreparabile da essi subito per la privazione del rapporto con la madre, si è limitata a fare uso del potere, attribuito al giudice dall’art. 155 sexies, comma 1, c.c., di assumere mezzi di prova anche d’ufficio ai fini della decisione sul loro affidamento esclusivo alla madre. Essa, inoltre, ha fondato la decisione anche su altri elementi non specificatamente censurati dal ricorrente, concernenti il giudizio negativo circa le attitudini genitoriali del B. (desunto anche dalla reiterata condotta ostruzionistica posta in essere al fine di ostacolare in ogni modo gli incontri dei figli con la madre), dandone conto in una motivazione priva di vizi logici e quindi incensurabile in questa sede. La corte di appello ha comunque auspicato la futura ripresa dei rapporti tra il padre e i figli, demandando al servizio di psichiatria dell’Asl competente di X di predisporre un idoneo progetto in tal senso.Nel quarto motivo si censura la sentenza impugnata per vizio di motivazione per non avere valutato le attitudini genitoriali della madre, che rivelerebbero il suo intento di allontanare i figli del padre.Il motivo è infondato. La corte di merito ha motivato ampiamente e senza incorrere in vizi logici, nemmeno specificamente denunciati, in ordine alle piene attitudini genitoriali di M.R., affermando tra l’altro che, contrariamente a quanto denunciato dal B., “non è emerso alcun disturbo psichico, né è mai stata dimostrata l’esistenza di una condotta della M. pregiudizievole per i figli”.Nel quinto motivo è dedotta violazione di legge per avere la corte di merito deciso sull’affidamento dei figli e sul divieto per il padre di avere contatti con essi, in pendenza del procedimento attivato davanti al tribunale per i minorenni della stessa M.R. ex art. 330 c.c. per la decadenza del padre dalla potestà genitoriale.Il motivo è infondato. La denunciata violazione non sussiste, stante la reciproca autonomia delle attribuzioni del tribunale per i minorenni, competente ad assumere i provvedimenti incidenti sulla spettanza della potestà genitoriale (artt. 330 c.c. e 38 disp. Att. c.c.), e del tribunale ordinario quale giudice della separazione competente sulle modalità di esercizio della potestà medesima (v. Cass. n. 6841/2011), anche quando l’affidamento dei figli sia richiesto in ragione dell’esistenza di un grave pregiudizio per i figli minori (v. Cass. n. 20352/2011).Nel sesto motivo sono dedott i vizi di violazione di legge e insufficiente motivazione circa la determinazione dell’assegno di mantenimento a carico del B. e in favore dei figli, in assenza di dati obiettivi sulle capacità reddituali dell’obbligato.Il motivo è inammissibile, con esso denunciandosi la violazione di non precisate leggi e mirandosi ad una rivalutazione, non consentita in questa sede, dei fatti posti a sostegno della quantificazione dell’assegno, che la corte di appello ha effettuato in misura corrispondente a quella già effettuata in sede presidenziale (quando i figli erano collocati presso la madre), con adeguamento al mutato costo della vita e alle accresciute esigenze dei figli.Il settimo motivo riguarda la condanna, ritenuta iniqua, alle spese processuali del giudizio di appello.Il motivo è infondato, alla luce del principio che solo la compensazione dev’essere sorretta da motivazione e non già l’applicazione della regola della soccombenza cui il giudice si sia uniformato (v. Cass. n. 2730/2012).In conclusione il ricorso va rigettato.Sussistono giusti motivi per compensare le spese del giudizio di legittimità, in considerazione della complessità delle questioni trattate, dimostrata anche dall’esito oscillante delle varie fasi del giudizio di merito.
P.Q.M.
La Corte rigetta il ricorso e compensa le spese.In caso di diffusione del presente provvedimento, omettere le generalità e gli altri dati identificativi.Corte di Cassazione, sez. I Civile, sentenza 12 aprile – 14 maggio 2012, n. 7452 Presidente Luccioli – Relatore De ChiaraSvolgimento del processoNel giudizio di separazione personale dei coniugi sig. D.C. e sig.ra P.M., introdotto da quest’ultima nel 2003, il Tribunale di Mantova, con sentenza del 2007, pronuncia la separazione dei coniugi e dispone altresì: l’affidamento condiviso della figlia minore della coppia, S., nata il 28 ottobre 1996, con collocamento presso la madre e con obbligo dei genitori di intraprendere un percorso di mediazione familiare, sotto la supervisione dei servizi sociali, nonché di cooperare per un miglioramento della relazione genitori-figlia; la sospensione del diritto di visita del padre dato il rifiuto opposto dalla figlia;la condanna ai sensi dell’art. 709 ter c.p.c. della M. - ritenuta responsabile della sindrome da alienazione genitoriale da cui era affetta la figlia - al risarcimento del danno, liquidato in € 15.000,00 in favore del marito e in € 20.000,00 in favore della figlia; il pagamento di un assegno di € 350,00 mensili, oltre alla metà delle spese mediche straordinarie, a carico del C. per il mantenimento della figlia.La sentenza fu appellata dalla sig.ra M., che chiese revocarsi la sua condanna risarcitoria, affidarsi esclusivamente a sé la figlia minore, formalizzarsi l’assegnazione a sé della casa coniugale. Il sig. C. resistette e propose anche appello incidentale chiedendo a sua volta l’affidamento esclusivo della figlia.La Corte di Brescia, in parziale accoglimento del gravame principale, ha revocato la condanna della M. al risarcimento del danno in favore della figlia, per difetto della relativa domanda; ha ridotto ad € 10.000,00 il risarcimento in favore del C.; ha disposto la formale assegnazione della casa coniugale alla M. Sulla scorta della consulenza tecnica di ufficio espletata nel giudizio di primo grado, delle relazioni degli esperti dei servizi sociali e delle dichiarazioni degli insegnanti della minore, la Corte ha confermato l’accertamento del Tribunale di infondatezza delle accuse di abusi sessuali nei confronti della figlia rivolte dalla M. al C., e, pur evidenziando i tratti di immaturità della personalità di quest’ultimo, ha fatto risalire alla prima la responsabilità del rifiuto - dalla stessa in effetti fomentato con il proprio comportamento quantomeno colposo - progressivamente manifestato dalla figlia nei confronti del padre.La sig.ra M. ha proposto ricorso per cassazione con due motivi di censura. L’intimato non ha svolto difese. In camera di consiglio il Collegio ha deliberato che la motivazione della presente sentenza sia redatta in maniera semplificata, non ponendosi questioni rilevanti sotto il profilo della nomofiliachia.Motivi della decisione1. - Con il primo motivo di ricorso, denunciando vizio di motivazione, si lamenta:a) che la Corte d’appello si sia basata sulla consulenza tecnica di ufficio effettuata da una psicologa e non da un medico psichiatra, senza nulla osservare sul punto nonostante l’espresso rilievo dell’appellante, mentre nessuno degli specialisti - in primo luogo i consulenti di parte ricorrente - e degli esperti interpellati aveva condiviso la diagnosi di sindrome di alienazione parentale, peraltro effettuata dalla CTU solo in un secondo momento;b) che sia stata omessa dai giudici di merito, senza alcuna motivazione, l’obbligatoria audizione della minore del cui affidamento si tratta;c) che sia stato omesso l’esame della relazione del consulente tecnico di parte prof. Brighenti, prodotta dalla ricorrente nel giudizio di appello;d) che la smentita delle affermazioni della neuropsichiatra dott.ssa Finardi circa la possibilità dell’abuso sessuale commesso dal padre sulla figlia era stata motivata, dalla Corte d’appello, con il richiamo non già della sentenza di primo grado, bensì di altro atto del processo quale la consulenza tecnica di ufficio;e) che i giudici di merito avevano omesso di rilevare che il C. non aveva sporto denuncia per calunnia nei confronti della ricorrente, né i giudici stessi avevano disposto la trasmissione degli atti alla Procura della Repubblica, né quest’ultima aveva comunque aperto un procedimento contro la M., e che il C. aveva rivelato il proprio disinteresse per la figlia non assumendo alcuna iniziativa per superare gli ostacoli frapposti alle sue visite;f) che la sindrome da alienazione parentale, allorché sussiste, deriva da una situazione di grave conflittualità fra i genitori, onde le relative responsabilità vanno ascritte a entrambi e non a uno solo di essi; inoltre la Corre non aveva considerato che non era stata affatto dimostrata la sistematica denigrazione del padre ad opera della madre, che invece era sempre stata pesantemente ingiuriata dal C., nonché fatta oggetto, assieme ai genitori, di vane denunce-querele, e nondimeno si era fattivamente impegnata, nell’interesse della figlia, a sedare la conflittualità con il marito;g) che la condanna risarcitoria ai sensi dell’art. 709 ter c.p.c. era infondata, giacché il padre si era reso quantomeno corresponsabile della situazione, con la sua condotta passiva e inerte, e aveva subito anche condanna per ingiurie, lesioni e minacce nei confronti della moglie.2. - Con il secondo motivo denuncia violazione dell’art. 6 della Convenzione di Strasburgo, ratificata con l. 20 marzo 2003 n. 77, e dell’ art. 155 sexies c.c., introdotto dalla l. 8 febbraio 2006, n. 54, per l’immotivata omissione dell’audizione della figlia minore della coppia in relazione al suo affidamento, obbligatoria, ai sensi delle predette norme, salvo solo il contrasto con interessi fondamentali della minore stessa o la sua mancanza di discernimento.3. - Nessuna delle predette censure può trovare accoglimento. Va infatti osservato:- che, con riferimento alla censura a) del primo motivo, nessuna norma impone di affidare a medici piuttosto che a psicologi le consulenze tecniche riguardanti disturbi psicologici, mentre la verifica della concreta qualificazione dell’esperto a rendere la consulenza è compito esclusivo del giudice di merito; - che le questione dell’omissione e dell’ascolto della minore – omissione già consumata dal Tribunale - non era stata sollevata dalla ricorrente nel giudizio di appello (o almeno ciò non risulta né dalla sentenza impugnata né dallo stesso ricorso per cassazione), onde la medesima- e dunque la censura b) del primo motivo, nonché il secondo motivo di ricorso - è da considerare inammissibile in quanto nuova;- che la censura c) del primo motivo è generica, difettando della specificazione del contenuto della relazione del consulente di parte;- che, quanto alla censura d) del primo motivo, ben può il giudice di appello rilevare per relationem richiamando il contenuto della consulenza tecnica di ufficio (ex multis, Cass. 04/5/2005, 2114/1995, 3711/1989);- che per il reato le censure della ricorrente integrano pure e semplici critiche di merito, inammissibili in sede di legittimità.
4. - Il ricorso va in conclusione respinto. In mancanza di difese della parte intimata non vi è luogo a provvedere sulle spese processuali.P.Q.M.La Corte rigetta il ricorso. In caso di diffusione del presente provvedimento omettere le generalità e gli altri dati identificativi a norma dell’art. 52 d.lgs. n. 196/2003.
Fonte:www.personaedanno.it


LA BIBLIOGRAFIA SULLA PAS:Come si nota, si tratta di studi effettuati in tutto il mondo1. Adams, K. (2009). The parentectomy: An individual perspective on rising above parental alienation. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris Publishing.2. Aguilar, J. M. (2004). S.A.P., Sındrome de alienacion parental [PAS, Parental alienation syndrome] [Spanish]. Cordoba, Spain: Almuzara.3. Aguilar, J. M. (2005). El uso de los hijos en los procesos de separacion, El sındrome de alienacion parental [The use of children in separation processes: The parental alienation syndrome] [Spanish]. Revista de Derecho de Familia, 29, 71– 82.4. Aguilar, J. M. (2007). Interferencias de las relaciones paterno filiales: El sındrome de alienacion parental y las nuevas formas de violencia contra la infancia [Interference of the parent-child relationships: Parental alienaton syndrome and new forms of violence against children] [Spanish]. Revista Psicologıa Educativa, 13(2), 101–116.5. Aguilar, J. M. (2008a). Tenemos que hablar [We need to talk]. [Spanish]. Madrid, Spain: Santillana Ediciones Generales.6. Aguilar, J. M. (2008b). sındrome de alienac¸ ao parental [Parental alienation syndrome]. [Portuguese]. Lisbon, Portugal: Caleidoscopio. P. R. (1994).7. Life-span adjustment of children to their parents’ divorce. Future of Children, 4(1), 143–164.8. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (1997a). Practice parameters for the forensic evaluation of children and adolescents who may have been physically or sexually abused. Journal of the American Academy of Child &Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(3), 423–442.9. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (1997b). Practice parameters for child custody evaluation. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(10 Suppl), 57S–68S.10. American Bar Association. (2008). A judge’s guide: Making child-centered decisions in custody cases, 2nd ed. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association.11. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed., Text Revision. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.12. American Psychological Association. (1994). Guidelines for child custody evaluations in divorce proceedings. American Psychologist, 49(4), 677–680.13. American Psychological Association. (1996). Report of the American psychological presidential task force on violence and the family. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.14. American Psychological Association. (2005). Women’s psych-e. Retrieved September 26, 2009, from American Psychological Association Web site: www.apa.org15. American Psychological Association. (2008). Statement on parental alienation syndrome. Retrieved September 26, 2009, from American Psychological Association Web site: www.apa.org16. American Psychological Association. (2009). Guidelines for child custody evaluations in family law proceedings. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.17. Andre, K. C. (2004). Parent alienation syndrome. Annuals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 7(4), 7–11.18. Andre, K. C., & Baker, A. J. C. (2009). I don’t want to choose: How middle school kids can avoid choosing one parent over the other. New York: The Vincent J.19. Fontana Center for Child Protection. Andritzky, W. (2002a). Verhaltensmuster und pers¨onlichkeitsstruktur entfremdender eltern, Psychosoziale diagnostik und orientierungskriterien f¨ur interventionen [Behavioral patterns and personality structure of alienating parents, Psychosocial and diagnostic criteria for intervention]. [German]. Psychotherapie in Psychiatrie,Psychotherapie in Psychiatrie, 7(2), 166–182.20. Andritzky, W. (2002b). Zur problematik kinder¨arztlicher atteste bei umgangs- und sorgerechtsstreitigkeiten I [Concerning problems with pediatric reports in the context of visitation- and custody litigation I]. [German]. Kinder- und Jugendarzt, 33(11), 885–889.21. Andritzky, W. (2002c). Zur problematik kinder¨arztlicher atteste bei umgangs- und sorgerechtsstreitigkeiten II [Concerning problems with pediatric reports in the context of visitation- and custody litigation II]. [German]. Kinder- und Jugendarzt, 33(12), 984–990.22. Andritzky, W. (2003a). Parental alienation syndrome. Deutsches A¨rzteblatt, 100(2), 81–82.23. Andritzky, W. (2003b). Kinderpsychiatrische atteste im umgangs- und sorgerechtsstreit—ergebnisse einer befragung [Medical letters of child psychiatrists, & their role in custody and visitation litigation—Results of an inquiry] [German]. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 52(10), 794–811.24. Andritzky, W. (2003c). Entfremdungsstrategien im sorgerechts- und umgangsstreit, Zur Rolle von (kinder)¨arzlichen und -psychiatrischen “attesten” [Alienation strategies in custody and visitation litigations: The role of pediatricians’, physicians’and psychiatrists’ certificates] [German]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 249–82). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.25. Andritzky, W. (2003d). Behavioral patterns and personality structure of alienating parents, Psychosocial diagnostic and orientation criteria for intervention. In W.von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 283–314). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.26. Andritzky, W. (2006). The role of medical reports in the development of parental alienation syndrome. In R.A. Gardner, S. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 195–208). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.27. Anthony, E. J., & Benedek, T. (Eds.). (1970). Parenthood: Its psychology and psychopathology. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.Association of Family and Conciliation Courts (AFCC) Task Force on Parenting Coordination.(2006). Guidelines for parenting coordination. Family Court Review,44, 164–181.28. Austin, Jr., R. B. (2006). PAS as a child against self. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 56–64). Springfield,IL: Charles C. Thomas.29. Babbie, E. R. (2007). The practice of social research (11th ed.). Florence, KY: Cengage Learning.30. Bakalaˇr, E. (1998). Das “parental alienation syndrome” (PAS) in der Tschechischen Republik [The “parental alienation syndrome” (PAS) in the Czech Republic] [German]. Zentralblatt f ¨ur Jugendrecht, 85(6), 268.31. Bakalaˇr, E. (2002). Syndrom zavrˇzeneho rodiˇce v ˇCeske Republice [Parental alienation syndrome in the Czech Republic] [Czech]. In Pru° vodce otcovstvım, aneb bez otce se neda (dobˇre) ˇzıt [A guide through fatherhood, one cannot live well without a father] (pp. 109–120). Prague, Czech Republic: Vyˇsehrad.32. Bakalaˇr, E. (2003). Syndrom zavrˇzeneho rodiˇce [Parental alienation syndrome] [Czech]. Psychologie dnes, 9(1), 28–29.33. Bakalaˇr, E. (2006a). What motivates parents to indoctrinate their children with parental alienation syndrome? A perspective from the Czech Republic. In R.A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 302–309). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.34. Bakalaˇr, E. (2006b). Syndrom zavrˇzenı rodiˇce. Pˇrıˇciny, diagnoza, terapie [Parental alienation syndrome, etiology, diagnostics, therapy] [Czech]. In Rozvodova tematika a modernı psychologie [Divorce Topics and Modern Psychology] (pp. 40–58). Prague, Czech Republic: Karolinum.35. Bakalaˇr, E., & Novak, D. (1996). Popouzenı dıtˇete proti druhemu rodiˇci [Inciting the child against the other parent] [Czech]. In Pru° vodce Rozvodem[A Guide Through Divorce] (pp. 133–142). Prague, Czech Republic: Lidove noviny.36. Bakalaˇr, E., & Novak, D. (1999). Syndrom zavrˇzeneho rodiˇce v ˇCeske republice [PAS in the Czech Republic] [Czech]. Rodinne pravo, (4), 11–16.37. Baker, A. J. L. (2005a). The long-term effects of parental alienation on adult children: A qualitative research study. American Journal of Family Therapy, 33(4), 289–302.38. Baker, A. J. L. (2005b). The cult of parenthood: A qualitative study of parental alienation. Cultic Studies Review, 4(1), np.39. Baker, A. J. L. (2005c). Parent alienation strategies: A qualitative study of adults who experienced parental alienation as a child. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 23(4), 41–63.40. Baker, A. J. L. (2006a). The power of stories/stories about power: Why therapists and clients should read stories about the parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 34(3), 191–203.41. Baker, A. J. L. (2006b). Patterns of parental alienation syndrome: A qualitative study of adults who were alienated from a parent as a child. American Journal of Family Therapy, 34(1), 63–78.42. Baker, A. J. L. (2007a). Knowledge and attitudes about the parental alienation syndrome: A survey of custody evaluators. American Journal of Family Therapy, 35(1), 1–19.43. Baker, A. J. L. (2007b). Adult children of parental alienation syndrome: Breaking the ties that bind. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.44. Baker, A. J. L. (2010). Adult recall of parental alienation in a community sample: Prevalence and associations with psychological maltreatment. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 51(1), 16–35.45. Baker, A. J. L., & Andre, K. (2008). Working with alienated children and their targeted parents. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 11(2), 10–17.46. Baker, A. J. L., & Darnall, D. (2006). Behaviors and strategies employed in parental alienation: A survey of parental experiences. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 45(1–2), 97–124.47. Baker, A. J. L., & Darnall, D. (2007). A construct study of the eight symptoms of severe parental alienation syndrome: A survey of parental experiences. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 47(1–2), 55–75.48. Baldwin, A., & Tabb, M. (2008). A promise to ourselves: A journey through fatherhood and divorce. New York: St. Martin’s Press.49. Barber, B. K. (1996). Parental psychological control: Revisiting a neglected construct. Child Development, 67(6), 3296–3319.50. Barden, R. C. (2003). Building multi-disciplinary legal-scientific teams in PAS and child custody cases. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 373–381). Berlin: Verlag fur Wissenschaft und Bildung.51. Barden, R. C. (2006). Protecting the fundamental rights of children and families: Parental alienation syndrome and family law reform. In R. A. Gardner, S. R.52. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 419–432).53. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. Baurain, M. (2005). Dossier l’alienation parentale: Pour poser les termes du debat [Dossier on the parental alienation syndrome: Setting up the terms for debate] [French]. Divorce et Separation, (3), 5–12.54. B¨auerle, S., & Moll-Strobel, H. (Eds.). (2001). Eltern s ¨agen ihr kind entzwei—Trennungserfahrungen und entfremdung von einem elternteil [Parents sawing their child apart: Separation experiences and alienation of a parent][German]. Donauw¨orth, Germany: Auer Verlag.55. Beach, S. R. H., Wamboldt, M. Z., Kaslow, N. J., Heyman, R. E., & Reiss, D. (2006). Relational processes and mental health: A bench-to-bedside dialogue to guide DSM-V. In S. R. H. Beach et al. (Eds.), Relational processes and DSM-V, neuroscience, assessment, prevention, & intervention (pp. 1–18). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.56. Beeble, M. L., Bybee, D., & Sullivan, C. M. (2007). Abusive men’s use of children to control their partners and ex-partners. European Psychologist, 12(1), 54–61.57. Bellerose, J. (1998). De l’impasse du divorce a l’alienation parentale [From a divorce deadlock to parental alienation] [French]. Dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.58. Benedek, E. P., & Schetky, D. H. (1985). Allegations of sexual abuse in child custody and visitation disputes. In E. P. Benedek and D. H. Schetky (Eds.), Emerging issues in child psychiatry and the law (pp. 145–156). New York: Brunner/Mazel.59. Benedek, E. P., & Schetky, D. H. (1987a). Problems in validating allegations of sexual abuse: Part 1, Factors affecting perception and recall of events. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(6), 912–915.60. Benedek, E. P., & Schetky, D. H. (1987b). Problems in validating allegations of sexual abuse: Part 2, Clinical evaluation. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(6), 916–21.61. Bensussan, P. (1999). Inceste, le piege du soupc¸on [Incest, the trap of suspicion] [French]. Paris: Editions Belfond.62. Bensussan, P. (2005). Interview du Docteur Paul Bensussan [Interview of Doctor Paul Bensussan] [French]. Divorce et Separation, 3, 78–89.63. Bensussan, P. (2009). L’alienation parentale, vers la fin du deni? [Parental alienation: Towards the end of the denial?] [French]. Annales Medico-Psychologiques, 167, 409–415.64. Bensussan, P., & Rault, F. (2002). La dictature de l’emotion, la protection de l’enfant et ses derives [The dictate of emotions, The protection of the child and its tendencies] [French]. Paris: Editions Belfond.65. Bergman, Z. B., & Weitzman, E. (1995). Parental kidnapping and parental alienation. Sichot, 9(2), 115–130.66. Bernet, W. (1993). False statements and the differential diagnosis of abuse allegations. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(5), 903–910.Bernet, W. (1995). Children of divorce: A practical guide for parents, attorneys, & therapists. New York: Vantage.67. Bernet, W. (1997). Case study, allegations of abuse created in a single interview. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(7), 966–970.68. Bernet, W. (1998). The child and adolescent psychiatrist and the law. In J. D. Noshpitz (Ed.), Handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry, Vol. 7 (pp. 438–467). New York: John Wiley & Sons.69. Bernet, W. (2002). Child custody evaluations. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11(4), 781–804.70. Bernet, W. (2006). Sexual abuse allegations in the context of child custody disputes. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 242–263). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.71. Bernet, W. (2008). Parental alienation disorder and DSM–V. American Journal of Family Therapy, 36(5), 349–366.72. Bernet, William. (in press). Parental Alienation, DSM-V, and ICD-11. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.73. Bernet, W., & Ash, D. (2007). Children of divorce: A practical guide for parents, therapists, attorneys, & judges (2nd ed.). Malabar, FL: Krieger.74. Berns, S. (2001). Parental alienation syndrome in the family court—magic bullet or poisoned chalice? Australian Journal of Family Law, 15(3), 191–214.75. Berns, S. (2006). Recognition of PAS in Australia. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 121–130). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.76. Berns, S. B., Jacobson, N. S., & Gottman, J. M. (1999). Demand-withdraw interaction in couples with a violent husband. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(5), 666–674.77. Bessette, F. T. (2008). Disciplining divorcing parents: The social construction of parental alienation syndrome. Dissertation, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario.78. Birchler-Hoop, U. (2002). Eltern-Entfremdung, St¨orungen im Kontakt zwischen dem Kind und dem nicht-sorgeberechtigten Elternteil [Parent-child alienation, contact difficulties between child and noncustodial parent] [German]. Und Kinder, 21(69), 37–52.79. Blackstone-Ford, J., & Jupe, S. (2004). Ex-etiquette for parents, good behavior after a divorce or separation. Chicago: Chicago Review Press.80. Blank, G. K., & Ney, T. (2006). The (de)construction of conflict in divorce litigation: A discursive critique of “parental alienation syndrome” and “the alienated child.” Family Court Review, 44(1), 135–148.81. Blank, M. (2003). Anmerkungen zur pers¨onlichkeitsstruktur des betreuenden elternteils als m¨ogliche zentrale ursache f¨ur die entstehung eines elterlichen entfremdungssyndroms [Remarks on the personality structure of the custodial parent as a possible central cause for the development of a parental alienation syndrome] [German]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 343–351). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.82. Blood, L. (2008). The use of MCMI-III in completing parenting capacity assessments. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 8(1), 24–38.83. Blush, G. J., & Ross, K. L. (1987). Sexual allegations in divorce: The SAID syndrome. Family Court Review, 25(1), 1–11.84. Bola˜nos C., & Ignacio, J. (2000). Estudio descriptivo del sındrome de lienaci on parental en procesos de separacion y divorcio. Dise˜no y aplicaci on de un programa piloto de mediacion familiar [Descriptive study of the parental alienation syndrome in the course of separation and divorce. Design and application of a pilot program in family mediation] [Spanish]. Dissertation, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona.85. Bola˜nos C., & Ignacio, J. (2002). El sındrome de alienaci on parental. Descripcion y abordajes psico-legales [The parental alienation syndrome. Description and psycho-legal approaches] [Spanish]. Psicopatologıa Clınica Legal y Forense, 2(3), 25–45.86. Bola˜nos C., & Ignacio, J. (2008). Hijos alineados y padres alienados. Mediacion familiar en rupturas conflictivas [Aligned Children and Alienated Parents. Family Mediation in Conflictual Separations] [Spanish]. Madrid: Reus.87. Bola˜nos C., & Ignacio, J. (2009). Del sındrome de alienaci on parental al sındrome de alienacion familiar a traves de una mediacion transicional [From parental alienation syndrome to family alienation syndrome through a transitional mediation] [Spanish]. Proyecto Hombre, 66, 36–39.88. Bond, R. (2007). The lingering debate over the parental alienation syndrome phenomenon. Journal of Child Custody, 4(1–2), 37–54.89. Bone, J. M. (2003). The parental alienation syndrome, examining the validity amid controversy. Family Law, Section Commentator, 20(1), 24–27.90. Bone, J. M., & Walsh, M. R. (1999). Parental alienation syndrome: How to detect it and what to do about it. Florida Bar Journal, 73(3), 44–47.91. Borris, E. B. (1997). Interference with parental rights of noncustodial parent as grounds for modification of child custody. Divorce Litigation, 8, 1–13.92. Bouchard, Jr., T. J. (1976). Unobtrusive measures: An inventory of uses. Sociological Methods and Research, 4, 267–300.93. Bow, J. N., Gould, J. W., & Flens, J. R. (2009). Examining parental alienation in child custody cases: A survey of mental health and legal professionals. American Journal of Family Therapy, 37(2), 127–145.94. Bowen, M. (1966). The use of family theory in clinical practice. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 7, 345–374.95. Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.96. Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. London: Routledge.97. Brandes, J. R. (2000). Parental alienation. New York Law Journal. (March 26).98. Bricklin, B. (1984). Bricklin perceptual scales. Furlong, PA: Village Publishing.99. Bricklin, B. (1990). PORT handbook, perception-of-relationships-test. Doylestown, PA: Village Publishing.100. Bricklin, B. (1995). The custody evaluation handbook, research-based solutions and applications. New York: Brunner/Mazel.101. Bricklin, B., & Elliot, G. (2002). The perception–of–relationships–test. (PORT) and Bricklin Perceptual Scales (BPS), current and new empirical data on 3,880 cases, 1961–2002. Furlong, PA: Village Publishing.102. Bricklin, B., & Elliot, G. (2006). Psychological test-assisted detection of parental alienation syndrome. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual,103. clinical and legal considerations (pp. 264–275). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.104. Brock, M. G., & Saks, S. (2008). Contemporary issues in family law, and mental health. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.105. Brody, B. (2006a). The misdiagnosis of PAS. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome,conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 209–227). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.106. Brody, B. (2006b). Criticism of PAS in courts of law: How to deal with it and why it occurs. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 372–377). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.107. Brown, C. (1993). The impact of divorce on families: The Australian experience. Family & Conciliation Courts Review, 2, 149–167.108. Brown, R. (2005). Fairshare cases, competency to enter stipulation; anger management; PAS testimony; pre-marital covenant not to compete. American Journal of Family Law, 19(2), 143.109. Br¨ogger, J. (1995). N°ar barn utvikler sykelig hat mot foreldre [When children develop morbid hatred toward parents] [Norwegian]. Aftenposten, January 21, 1995.110. Burrill, J. (2001). Parental alienation syndrome in court referred custody cases. Dissertation, Northcentral University, Prescott Valley, Arizona.111. Burrill, J. (2006a). Descriptive statistics of the mild, moderate, & severe characteristics of parental alienation syndrome. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 49–55). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.112. Burrill, J. (2006b). Reluctance to verify PAS as a legitimate syndrome. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 323–330). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.113. Buzzi, I. (1997). La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale (2nd ed.) [Parental alienation syndrome] [Italian]. In Vittorio Cigoli, Guglielmo Gulotta, & Giuseppe Santi (Eds.), Separazione, divorzio e affidamento dei figli [Separation, divorce,& custody of children] [Italian] (pp. 177–187). Milan, Italy: Giuffre.114. Buzzi, I. (2007). La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale (2nd ed.) [Parental alienation syndrome] [Italian]. In Vittorio Cigoli, Guglielmo Gulotta, & Giuseppe Santi (Eds.), Separazione, divorzio e affidamento dei figli [Separation, divorce, & custody of children] [Italian] (pp. 177–212). Milan, Italy: Giuffre.115. Byrne, K. (1989). Brainwashing in custody cases: The parental alienation syndrome. Australian Family Lawyer, 4(3), 1–4.116. Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959). Convergent and discriminate validation by the multitrait multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81–105.117. Campbell, T. W. (1992a). Psychotherapy with children of divorce: The pitfalls of triangulated relationships. Psychotherapy, Theory, Research, Practice, & Training, 29, 646–652.118. Campbell, T. W. (1992b). False allegations of sexual abuse and their apparent credibility. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 10(4), 21.119. Campbell, T. W. (1993). Parental conflicts between divorced spouses: Strategies for intervention. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 12(4), 27.120. Campbell, T. W. (2005). Why doesn’t parental alienation occur more frequently? The significance of role discrimination. American Journal of Family Therapy, 33(5), 365–377.121. Camps, A. (2003). Psychiatrische und psychosomatische konsequenzen f¨ur PASkinder [Psychiatric and psychosomatic consequences for PAS children] [German].122. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin ¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 143–155). Berlin: Verlag fur Wissenschaft und Bildung.123. Canton D. J., Cortes A. M., & Justicia, D.M. (2002). Conflictosmatrimoniales, divorcio y desarrollo de los hijos [Matrimonial disputes, divorce and child development] [Spanish]. Madrid: Piramide.124. Carey, K. M. (2003). Exploring long-term outcomes of the parental alienation syndrome. Dissertation, Alliant International University.125. Cartie, M., Casany, R., Domınguez, R., Gamero, M., Garcia, C., & Gonzalez, M. (2005). Analisis descriptivo de las caracterısticas asociadas al sındrome de alienaci on parental. (SAP) [Descriptive analysis of characteristics associated with parental alienation syndrome (PAS)] [Spanish]. Psicopatologıa Clınica Legal y Forense, 5(1–3), 5–30.126. Cartwright, G. F. (1993). Expanding the parameters of parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 21(3), 205–215.127. Cartwright, G. F. (2006). Beyond parental alienation syndrome: Reconciling the alienated child and the lost parent. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 286–291). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.128. Caspi, A., & Elder, G. H. (1988). Emergent family patterns: The intergenerational construction of problem behavior and relationships. In R. A. Hinde and J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), Relationships within families, Mutual influences (pp. 218–240). New York: Oxford University Press.129. Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1993). Suggestibility of the child witness: A historical review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 403–439.130. Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (1995). Jeopardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of children’s testimony. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.131. Ceci, S. J., & Bruck, M. (2006). Children’s suggestibility, characteristics, and mechanisms. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 34, 247–281.132. Ceci, S. J., Crotteau Huffman, M. L., Smith, E., & Loftus, E. F. (1994). Repeatedly thinking about a non-event: Source misattributions among preschoolers. Consciousness and Cognition, 3(3/4), 388–407.133. Cialdini, R. B. (1985). Influence, science and practice. New York: Allyn & Bacon.134. Clawar, S. S., & Rivlin, B. V. (1991). Children held hostage: Dealing with programmed and brainwashed children. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association.135. Colarossi, M. (2007). The different voices of separation and divorce. Dissertation, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec.136. Cooke, L. (1995). Parental alienation syndrome: A hidden facet of custody disputes. First Place, Lieff Award, Canadian Bar Association, Ottawa, Ontario.137. Correa da Fonseca, P. M. P. (2006). sındrome de alienac¸˜ao parentale [Parental alienation syndrome] [Portuguese]. Pediatria (S˜ao Paulo), 28(3), 162–168.138. Cross, P. (2000). Lost Children: A guide for separating parents. London: Velvet Glove Publishing.139. D’Agostino, L. (2007). La Sindrome di alienazione genitoriale e i casi di sospetto abuso sessuale infantile, un problema di diagnosi [The parental alienation syndrome and cases of suspected child sexual abuse, A problem of diagnosis] [Italian]. Dissertation, Universita degli Studi G. d’Annunzio Chieti Pescara, Italy.140. Danielsen, S. (2004). Forældres pligter, b¨orns rettigheder [Parents’ duties, Children’s rights] [Danish]. Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordisk Ministerr°ad. Darnall, D. (1998). Divorce casualties: Protecting your children from parental alienation. Dallas, TX: Taylor Trade Publishing.141. Darnall, D. (1999). Parental alienation, not in the best interest of the children. North Dakota Law Review, 75, 323.142. Darnall, Douglas. (2008). Divorce Casualties: Understanding Parental Alienation (2nd ed). Lanham, MD: National Book Network.143. De Becker, E., & Ali-Hamed, N. (2006). Les fausses allegations d’abus sexuels sur mineurs d’ege, Entre munchausen par procuration et alienation parentale [False allegations of sexual abuse on under aged persons, Between Munchausen by proxy and parental alienation] [French]. L’ Evolution Psychiatrique, 71(3), 471–483.144. Deed, M. L. (1991). Court-ordered custody evaluations: Helping or victimizing vulnerable families. Psychotherapy, Theory, Research, Practice, & Training, 28(1), 76–84.145. Deegener, G., & K¨orner, W. (Eds.). (2005). Kindesmisshandlung und vernachl¨assigung—Ein handbuch [Child abuse and neglect—A handbook] [German].G¨ottingen, Germany: Hogrefe.146. Del Pozo, A. B. (2008). Un infierno dentro del hogar [Hell within the home] [Spanish]. Iuris, Actualidad y pr actica del derecho, (131), 6–8.147. Delfieu, J. (2005). Syndrome d’alienation parentale, Diagnostic et prise en charge medico–juridique [Parental alienation syndrome, Diagnosis and medical–legal management] [French]. Experts, (67), 24–30.148. Deming, J. (2001). Book review of Therapeutic interventions for children with parental alienation syndrome, by Richard Gardner. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 29(4), 505.149. Dennis, N., & Erdos, G. (1992). Families without fatherhood. London: IEA Health & Welfare Unit.150. Derdeyn, A. P. (1976). A consideration of legal issues in child custody contests. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 161–171.151. Despert, J. L. (1953). Children of divorce. New York: Doubleday.152. Deters, J. A. (2003). Parenting coordination services, A forensic intervention for high-conflict child custody cases when parental alienation syndrome is present. Dissertation, Spalding University, Louisville, Kentucky.153. Dettenborn, H. (2001). Kindeswohl und kindeswille, Psychologische und rechtliche aspekte [Best interest of the child and child’s will, psychological and legal Aspects][German]. M¨unchen, E. Reinhardt.154. Dettenborn, H. (2002). Kindeswille und PAS [Child’s will and PAS] [German]. In T.Fabian et al. (Eds.), Qualit¨atssicherung in der Rechtspsychologie (pp. 183–197). M¨unster, Germany: Lit-Verlag.155. Dettwiler-Bienz, S. (2003). Die entfremdung des kindes von einem elternteil in scheidungssituationen. Parental alienation syndrome/Entstehung und auswirkung der entfremdung und interventionsm¨oglichkeiten [The alienation of a child from a parent in divorce situations. Parental alienation syndrome/Development and effects of alienation and possibilities for intervention] [German]. Dissertation, Fachhochschule Z¨urich, Switzerland.156. Deutsch, R., Sullivan, M., & Ward, P. (2008). Breaking barriers: An innovative program for alienated and estranged children. AFCC News, 27, 8–9.157. Dias, M. B. (2006). sındrome da alienac¸˜ao parental, o que e isso? [Parental alienation syndrome, what is it?] [Portuguese]. Jus Navigandi, 10(1119). Retrieved January 23, 2010, fromhttp://jus2.uol.com.br/doutrina/texto.asp?158. Dickstein, L. J. (2005). Relational problems. In B. J. Saddock and V. A. Saddock (Eds.), Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (pp. 2241–2246). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.159. Dreger, M. (2007). Syndrom PAS, czyli rola dziecka w konflikcie okolorozwodowym [PAS syndrome, or the role of the child in divorce conflict] [Polish]. Available at: www.psycholodzy.pl160. Drozd, L. M. (2009). Rejection in cases of abuse or alienation in divorcing families. In R. M. Galatzer-Levy, L. Kraus, & J. Galatzer-Levy (Eds.), The scientific basis for child custody decisions. New York: John Wiley & Sons.161. Drozd, L. M., & Olesen, N.W. (2004). Is it abuse, alienation, &/or estrangement? A decision tree. Journal of Child Custody, 1(3), 65–106.162. Dum, C. (2003). Begutachtete aufs¨atze in fachzeitschriften und das parental alienation syndrome [Peer-reviewed articles in professional journals and the parental alienation syndrome] [German]. In Wilfrid von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin ¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 384–389). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.163. Duncan, J. W. (1978). Medical, psychologic, & legal aspects of child custody disputes. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 53(7), 463–468.164. Dunkley, C. (2007). Review of The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 35(3), 357–358.165. Dunne, J., & Hedrick, M. (1994). The parental alienation syndrome: An analysis of sixteen selected cases. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 21(3–4), 21–38.166. Eastman, A. M., & Moran T. J. (1991). Multiple perspectives: Factors related to differential diagnosis of sex abuse and divorce trauma in children under six. Child & Youth Services, 15(2), 159–176.167. Ebert, K. (2003). Die rechtssituation bei kindesentfremdung im Europ¨aischen vergleich, dargestellt vornehmlich an fallbeispielen der Straßburger Menschenrechts- Judikatur [The legal situation in cases of child alienation in a comparison of different European countries, shown by case examples from the Strasbourg Human-Rights Judicature] [German]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 19–54). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.168. Editorial. (2005). PAS testimony allowed under Frye test. American Journal of Family Law, 19(2), 148.169. Egan, L. C., Santos, L. R., & Bloom, P. (2007). The origins of cognitive dissonance: Evidence from children and monkeys. Psychological Science, 18(11), 978–983.170. Ellis, E. M. (2000). Divorce wars: Interventions with families in conflict. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.171. Ellis, E. M. (2005). Help for the alienated parent. American Journal of Family Therapy, 33(5), 415–426.172. Ellis, E. M. (2007). A stepwise approach to evaluating children for parental alienation syndrome. Journal of Child Custody, 4(1–2), 55–78.173. Ellis, E. M., & Boyan, S. (in press). Intervention strategies for parent coordinators in parental alienation cases. American Journal of Family Therapy.174. Emtestam, G., & Svensson, A. (2005). V° ardnads-, boende- och umg¨angesutredningar [Custody-, residence- and visitation-investigations] [Swedish]. Stockholm, Sweden: Norstedts Juridik.175. Erwoine, D. (2005). Les traitements du syndrome d’alienation parentale [The treatment of parental alienation syndrome] [French]. Divorce et Separation, (3), 117–125.176. Etemad, J. (1999). Review of The parental alienation syndrome. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(2), 223–225.177. Everett, C. A. (2006). Family therapy for parental alienation syndrome: Understanding the interlocking pathologies. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 228–241). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.178. Faculty, Judge Advocate General’s School. (2002). Family law note, A quick look at parental alienation syndrome. Army Lawyer, (March 1, 2002).179. Falco, E. (2003). Commentary, children and divorce. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 31(2), 171–172.180. Fari˜na, F., Seijo, D., Arce, R., & Novo, M. (2002). Psicologıa jurıdica de la familia: Intervencion de casos de separacion y divorcio [Psychology of family law: Intervention in cases of separation and divorce] [Spanish]. Barcelona, Spain: Cedecs.181. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.182. Festinger, L., & Carlsmith, J. M. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203–210.183. Fidler, B. J., Bala, N., Birnbaum, R., & Kavassalis, K. (2008a). Understanding child alienation and its impact on families. In B. J. Fidler et al., Challenging issues in child custody assessments, A guide for legal and mental health professionals (pp. 203–229). Toronto, Canada: Thomson Carswell.184. Fidler, B. J., Bala, N., Birnbaum, R., & Kavassalis, K. (2008b). Challenging issues in child custody assessments: A guide for legal and mental health professionals. Toronto, Canada: Thomson Carswell.185. Figdor, H. (2003). Psychodynamik bei sogenannten “entfremdungsprozessen” im erleben von kinder: Ein kritischer beitrag zum PAS-konzept [Psychodynamic aspects in so-called “alienation processes” as experienced by children: A critical contribution to the PAS concept] [German]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 187–206). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.186. Finkelstein, C. (2003). The heart of an abducted and alienated child. Sarah or Cecile, the identity issue. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin ¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 175–185). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.187. First, M. B., Bell, C. C., Cuthbert, B., Krystal, J. H., Malison, R., Offord, D. R., et al. (2002). Personality disorders and relational disorders. In D. J. Kupfer, M. B. First, & D. A. Regier (Eds.), A research agenda for DSM–V (pp. 123–199). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.188. Fischer, W. (1998a). The Parental alienation syndrome (PAS) und die interessenvertretung des kindes: ein kooperatives interventionsmodell f¨ur jugendhilfe und gericht, Frankfurt [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS) and the interests of the child: A collaborative intervention model for youth services and courts, Frankfurt] [German]. Nachrichtendienst des deutschen Vereins f ¨ur ¨offentliche und private F¨ ursorge, 78(10), 306–309.189. Fischer, W. (1998b). The parental alienation syndrome (PAS) und die interessenvertretung des kindes—ein kooperatives interventionsmodell f¨ur jugendhilfe und gericht, Frankfurt [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS) and the interests of the child: a collaborative intervention model for youth services and courts,190. Frankfurt] [German]. Nachrichtendienst des deutschen Vereins f ¨ur ¨offentliche und private F¨ ursorge, 78(11), 343–348.191. Fischer, W. (2003). M¨oglichkeiten von verfahrenspflegern in der arbeit mit PAS fallen: Grunds¨atzliche aspekte [Working strategies with PAS cases for guardians ad litem: Fundamental aspects] [German]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 315–321). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.192. Folberg, J. (1991). Joint custody and shared parenting. New York: The Guilford Press.193. Freckelton, I. (2002). Evaluating parental alienation and child sexual abuse accommodation evidence. Butterworths Family Law, Journal, 4(3), 57–66.194. Gagne, M., & Drapeau, S. (2005). L’alienation parentale est-elle une forme de maltraitance psychologique? [Is parental alienation a form of child abuse?] [French]. Divorce et Separation, (3), 29–42.195. Gagne, M., Drapeau, S., & Henault, R. (2005). Parental alienation: An overview of research and controversy. Canadian Psychology-Psychologie Canadienne, 46(2), 73–87.196. Gagne, M., Drapeau, S., Melanc¸on, C., Saint-Jacques, M., & Lepine, R. (2007). Links between parental psychological violence, other family disturbances, & children’s adjustment. Family Process, 46(4), 523–542.197. Gagnon, S. W. (1999). How to identify and deal with parental alienation in your family law case. 25th Advanced Family Law Course, Dallas, Texas, August 16–19, 1999.198. Galatzer-Levy, R. M., Kraus, L., & Galatzer-Levy, J. (Eds.). (2009). The scientific basis for child custody decisions (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.199. Garbarino, J., Guttmann, E., & Seeley, J. W. (1986). The psychologically battered child: Strategies for identification, assessment and intervention. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.200. Garber, B. D. (1996). Alternatives to parental alienation syndrome: Acknowledging the broader scope of children’s emotional difficulties during parental separation and divorce. New Hampshire Bar Journal, 37(1), 51–54.201. Garber, B. D. (2004a). Therapist alienation: Foreseeing and forestalling third-party dynamics undermining psychotherapy with children of conflicted caregivers. Professional Psychology, Research and Practice, 35(4), 357–363.202. Garber, B. D. (2004b). Parental alienation in light of attachment theory, consideration of the broader implications for child development, clinical practice, & forensic process. Journal of Child Custody, 1(4), 49–76.203. Garber, B. D. (2007). Conceptualizing visitation resistance and refusal in the context of parental conflict, separation, & divorce. Family Court Review, 45(4), 588–599.204. Gardner, R. A. (1976). Psychotherapy with children of divorce. New York: Jason Aronson.205. Gardner, R. A. (1982). Family evaluation in child custody litigation. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.206. Gardner, R. A. (1985). Recent trends in divorce and custody litigation. Academy Forum, 29(2), 3–7.207. Gardner, R. A. (1986). Child custody litigation: A guide for parents and mental health professionals. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.208. Gardner, R. A. (1987a). The parental alienation syndrome and the differentiation between fabricated and genuine child sex abuse. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.209. Gardner, R. A. (1987b). Child custody. In J. D. Noshpitz (Ed.), Handbook of child and adolescent psychiatry, Vol. 5 (pp. 637–646). New York: Basic Books.210. Gardner, R. A. (1989a). Family evaluation in child custody mediation, arbitration and litigation. Family & Conciliation Courts Review, 27(2), 93–96.211. Gardner, R. A. (1989b). Differentiating between bona fide and fabricated allegations of sexual abuse of children. Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, 5, 1–25.212. Gardner, R. A. (1991a). Legal and psychotherapeutic approaches to the three types of parental alienation syndrome families: When psychiatry and law join forces.Court Review, 28(1), 14–21.213. Gardner, R. A. (1991b). Sex abuse hysteria: Salem witch trials revisited. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.214. Gardner, R. A. (1992a). The parental alienation syndrome, A guide for mental health and legal professionals. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.215. Gardner, R. A. (1992b). True and false allegations of child sex abuse. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.216. Gardner, R. A. (1994). The detrimental effects on women of the misguided gender egalitarianism of the child-custody resolution guidelines. Academy Forum, 38(1/2), 10–13.217. Gardner, R. A. (1998a). Recommendations for dealing with parents who induce a parental alienation syndrome in their children. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 28(3–4), 1–23.218. Gardner, R. A. (1998b). The parental alienation syndrome: A guide for mental health and legal professionals, 2nd ed. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.219. Gardner, R. A. (1998c). The Burgess decision and the Wallerstein brief. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 26(3), 425–432.220. Gardner, R. A. (1998d). Letter to the editor. Child Maltreatment, 3(4), 309–312.221. Gardner, R. A. (1999a). Family therapy of the moderate type of parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 27(3), 195–212.222. Gardner, R. A. (1999b). Guidelines for assessing parental preference in child-custody disputes. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage 30(1), 1–9.223. Gardner, R. A. (1999c). Differentiating between parental alienation syndrome and bona fide abuse-neglect. American Journal of Family Therapy, 27(2), 97–107.224. Gardner, R. A. (2001a). Should courts order PAS children to visit/reside with the alienated parent? A follow-up study. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 19(3), 61–106.225. Gardner, R. A. (2001b). Therapeutic interventions for children with parental alienation syndrome. Cresskill, NJ: Creative Therapeutics.226. Gardner, R. A. (2001c). Parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Sixteen years later. Academy Forum, 45(1), 10–12.227. Gardner, R. A. (2001d). Rebuttal to Carol S. Bruch’s article, “Parental alienation syndrome and parental alienation: Getting it wrong in child custody cases.” Retrieved July 3, 2009, from www.pas-konferenz.de/e/dok/garnderbruch e.doc Web site228. Gardner, R. A. (2002a). Denial of the parental alienation syndrome also harms women. American Journal of Family Therapy, 30(3), 191–202.229. Gardner, R. A. (2002b). Parental alienation syndrome vs. parental alienation: Which diagnosis should evaluators use in child-custody disputes? American Journal of Family Therapy, 30(2), 93–115.230. Gardner, R. A. (2002c). The empowerment of children in the development of parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 20(2), 5–29.231. Gardner, R. A. (2002d). Misinformation versus facts about the contributions of Richard A. Gardner, M.D. American Journal of Family Therapy, 30(5), 395–416.232. Gardner, R. A. (2002e). Das elterliche entfremdungssyndrom: Anregungen f ¨ur gerichtliche sorge- und umgangsregelungen [The parental alienation syndrome: Suggestions for judicial custody and handling regulations] [German]. Berlin:Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.233. Gardner, R. A. (2003a). Does DSM-IV have equivalents for the parental alienation syndrome (PAS) diagnosis? American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(1), 1–21.234. Gardner, R. A. (2003b). The judiciary’s role in the etiology, symptom development, & treatment of the parental alienation syndrome (PAS). American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 21(1), 39–64.235. Gardner, R. A. (2003c). The parental alienation syndrome: Past, present, and future. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 89–124).236. Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.237. Gardner, R. A. (2004a). Commentary on Kelly and Johnston’s “The alienated child: A reformulation of parental alienation syndrome.” Family Court Review, 42(4), 611–621.238. Gardner, R. A. (2004b). The relationship between the parental alienation syndrome: (PAS) and the false memory syndrome (FMS). American Journal of Family Therapy, 32(2), 79–99.239. Gardner, R. A. (2004c). The three levels of parental alienation syndrome alienators: Differential diagnosis and management. American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 25(3), 41–76.240. Gardner, R. A. (2006a). The parental alienation syndrome and the corruptive power of anger. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 33–48). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.241. Gardner, R. A. (2006b). Future predictions on the fate of PAS children: What hath alienators wrought? In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 179–194). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.242. Gardner, R. A., Sauber, S. R., & Lorandos, D. (Eds.). (2006). The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome: Conceptual, clinical and legal considerations.Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.243. Garrity, C. B., & Baris, M. A. (1994). Caught in the middle: Protecting the children of high-conflict divorce. New York: Lexington Books.244. Gaulier, B., Margerum, J., Price, J. A., & Windell, J. (2007). Defusing the high-conflict divorce: A treatment guide for working with angry couples. Atascadero, CA: Impact Publishers.245. Gerhardt, P., Heintschel-Heinegg, B., & Klein, M., Eds. (2008). Handbuch des fachanwalts familienrecht [Handbook formatrimonial lawyers] [German]. Munich, Germany: Luchterhand-Verlag.246. Giorgi, R. (2005). Le possibili insidie delle child custody disputes: Introduzione critica alla sindrome di alienazione parentale di Richard A. Gardner [The possible pitfalls of child custody disputes: Critical introduction to parental alienation syndrome by Richard A. Gardner] [Italian]. Nuove Tendenze della Psicologia, 3, 53–74.247. Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. C. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.248. Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. Qualitative Report, 8(4), 597–607.249. Gold-Greenberg, L., & Worenklein, A. (2001). L’alienation parentale: un defi legal et clinique pour les psychologues [Parental alienation: a legal and clinical challenge for psychologists] [French]. Psychologie Quebec, (September 2001), 26–27.250. Goldwater, A. (1991). Le syndrome d’alienation parentale [Parental alienation syndrome] [French]. In Developpements recents en droit familial (pp. 121–45). Cowansville, Quebec: Yvon Blais.251. Gomez, P. (2008). sındrome de alienaci on parental. (SAP) [Parental alienation syndrome (PAS)] [Spanish]. Revista de derecho de familia, Doctrina, Jurisprudencia,Legislacion, 38, 63–80.252. Goncalves, P., & Grimaud de Vincenzi, A. (2003). D’ennemis a coequipiers: Le difficile apprentissage de la coparentalite apres un divorce conflictuel [Co-parenting after a conflicted divorce: Growing from enemy to ally] [French]. Therapie Familiale, 24(3), 239–253.253. Gordon, R. M. (1998). The Medea complex and the parental alienation syndrome: When mothers damage their daughter’s ability to love a man. In G. H. Fenchel (Eds.), The mother-daughter relationship echoes through time (pp. 207–225). Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.254. Gordon, R. M., Stoffey, R., & Bottinelli, J. (2008). MMPI-2 findings of primitive defenses in alienating parents. American Journal of Family Therapy, 36(3), 211–228.255. Gottlieb, D. S. (2006). Parental alienation syndrome: An Israeli perspective, reflections and recommendations. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 90–107). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.256. Goudard, B. (2008). Syndrome d’alienation parentale [Parental alienation syndrome] [French]. Dissertation, Faculty of Medicine, Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.257. Gould, J. W. (2006). Conducting scientifically crafted child custody evaluations (2nd ed.). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press/Professional Resource Exchange.258. Granados, F. (1987). Lo irracional en el conflicto familiar [The irrational in family conflict] [Spanish]. Actualidad Civil, 35(21), 2087–2095.259. Grattagiano, I., Liantonio, N. D., Berlingerio, I., & Taratufolo, R. (2009). La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale (PAS) raccontata dai disegni dei bambine: Due casi emblematici [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS) told by drawings of children: Two representative cases] [Italian]. Rivista di Diritto Minorile, 2(1), 89–96.260. Green, A. H. (1986). True and false allegations of sexual abuse in child custody disputes. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 25(4), 449.261. Groner, J. (1991). Hilary’s trial: The Elizabeth Morgan case: A child’s ordeal in America’s legal system. New York: Simon & Shuster.262. Gulotta, G. (1998). La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale: Definizione e descrizione [The parental alienation syndrome, Definition and description] [Italian]. Pianeta Infanzia, 4, 27–36.263. Gulotta, G., Cavedon, A., & Liberatore, M. (2008). La sindrome di alienazione parentale (PAS): Lavaggio del cervello e programmazione dei figli in danno dell’altro genitore. [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Brainwashing and programming of children to the detriment of the other parent] [Italian]. Milan, Italy: Giuffre.264. Haas, T. O. (2004). Child custody determinations in Michigan: Not in the best interests of children or parents. University of Detroit Mercy Law Review, 81, 333.265. Hamarman, S., & Bernet, W. (2000). Evaluating and reporting emotional abuse in children: Parent-based, action-based focus aids in clinical decision-making. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(7), 928–930.266. Hannuniemi, A. (2007). Vanhemmasta vieraannuttaminen: Uhka lasten hyvinvoinnille [Alienating a child from one parent: A threat to children’s wellbeing] [Finnish]. Oikeustiede—Jurispredentia, 1–126.267. Hannuniemi, A. (2008a). Vieraannuttamisoireyhtym¨a¨a koskevien v¨a¨arink¨asitysten oikaiseminen [Straightening the missunderstandings about PAS] [Finnish]. Lakimies, (7–8), 1249–1260.268. Hannuniemi, A. (2008b). Lapsen tahdonmuodostus ja vieraannuttamisoireyhtym ¨a huolto– ja tapaamisoikeusk¨ayt¨ann¨oss¨a [The forming of the child’s will and the parental alienation syndrome in the legal praxis of custody and visitation rights] [Finnish]. Defensor Legis, (6), 992–1016.269. Harlow, H. (1958). The nature of love. American Psychologist, 13, 673–685.270. Hayez, J., & Kinoo, P. (2005). Alienation parentale: Un concepte a haut risque [The parental alienation syndrome: A high risk concept] [French]. Neuropsychiatrie de l’Enfance et de l’Adolescence, 53(4), 157–165.271. Heinze, M. C., & Grisso, T. (1996). Review of instruments assessing parenting compentencies used in child custody evaluations. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 14(3), 293–313.272. Hellblom Sj¨ogren, L. (1997). Hemligheter och minnen: Att utreda tillf¨orlitlighet i sexualbrottm ° al [Secrets and Memories: To investigate reliability in sexual criminal cases] [Swedish]. Stockholm, Sweden: Norstedts Juridik.273. Hellblom Sj¨ogren, L. (2001). Farlig eller farliggjord mamma? [A dangerous mother or one that has been made dangerous?] [Swedish]. L¨akartidningen, 98, 47.274. Hellblom Sj¨ogren, L. (2003). Making a parent dangerous: PAS in Sweden and Norway. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin ¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 235–248). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.275. Hellblom Sj¨ogren, L. (2006). PAS in compulsory public custody conflicts. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 131–152). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.276. Hellblom Sj¨ogren, L. (2008a). Beh¨over psykologen bry sig om PAS? [Does the psychologist have to care about PAS?] [Swedish]. Psykologtidningen, 8, 25–28.277. Hellblom Sj¨ogren, L. (2008b). Psykiska ¨overgrepp p°a barn i de allra sv°araste v°ardnadskonflikterna [Mental abuse of children in the most severe custody conflicts] [Swedish]. Juridisk Tidskrift, 19(4), 986–994.278. Herman, S. (2005). Improving decision making in forensic child sexual abuse evaluations. Law and Human Behavior, 29(1), 87–120.279. Herman, S. (2009). Forensic child sexual abuse evaluations. In K. Kuehnle and M. Connell (Eds.), The evaluation of child sexual abuse allegations, a comprehensive guide to assessment and testimony (pp. 247–266). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.280. Hetherington, E. M., & Stanley-Hagan, M. (1999). The adjustment of children with divorced parents: A risk and resiliency perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 40(1), 129–140.281. Hetherington, E. M., & Kelly, J. (2002). For better or for worse: Divorce reconsidered. New York: W. W. Norton.282. Heyman, R. E., Smith Slep, A. M., Beach, S. R. H., Wamboldt, M. Z., Kaslow, N. J., & Reiss, D. (2009). Relationship problems and the DSM: Needed improvements and suggested solutions 1. World Psychiatry, 8(1), 7–14.283. Hobbs, T. (2002a). Parental alienation syndrome and UK family courts (part 1). Family Law, 32, 182–189.284. Hobbs, T. (2002b). Parental alienation syndrome and UK family courts (part 2). Family Law, 32, 381–387.285. Hobbs, T. (2006a). PAS in the United Kingdom: Problems in recognition and management. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 71–89). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.286. Hobbs, T. (2006b). Legal requirements of experts giving evidence to courts in the United Kingdom: PAS and the experts’ failure to comply. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 439–450). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.287. Hodges, W. F. (1991). Interventions for children of divorce: Custody, access, & psychotherapy. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Holgerson, A., & Sj¨ogren, L. H. (Eds.). (1997). Seksuelle overgrep mot barn: et kritisk perspektiv [Child sexual abuse: A critical perspective] [Norwegian]. Bergen- Sandviken, Norway: Fagbokforlaget.288. Hoppe, C. F. (1997). Perpetually battling parents. In B. S. Mark and J. A. Incorvaia (Eds.), The handbook of infant, child, & adolescent psychotherapy: New directions in integrative treatment. New York: Jason Aronson.289. H¨ovel, G. (2003). Liebe mama, b¨oser papa: Eltern: kind-entfremdung nach trennung und scheidung:Das PAS-syndrom [Dear mom, bad dad: Parent-child alienation after separation and divorce, The PAS syndrome] [German]. Munich: K¨osel.290. Hudziak, J. J., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., & Pine, D. S. (2008). A dimensional approach to developmental psychopathology (J. E. Helzer et al., eds.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.291. Hysjulien, C., Wood, B., & Benjamin, G. A. (1994). Child custody evaluations: A review of methods used in litigation and alternative dispute resolution. Family & Conciliation Courts Review, 32(4), 466–489.292. Instituto de Investigaciones Jurıcas. (2009). Civil code of the state of Queretaro, Book I, Title nine, Chapter I, Article 396. Retrieved November 23, 2009, from Instituto de Investigaciones Jurıcas Web site: www.juridicas.unam.mx.293. Isaacs, M. B., Montlavo, B., & Abelsohn, D. (1986). The difficult divorce: Therapy for children and families. New York: Basic Books.294. Isman, D. (1996). Gardner’s witch-hunt: A discussion of the theory of parental alienation syndrome. UC Davis Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, 1(1), 12.295. Jacobs, J. W. (1988). Euripides’ Medea: A psychodynamic model of severe divorce pathology. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 42(2), 308–319.296. Jaffe, P. G., Johnston, J. R., Crooks, C. V., & Bala, N. (2008). Custody disputes involving allegations of domestic violence: Toward a differential approach to parenting plans. Family Court Review, 46(3), 500–523.297. Jarne Esparcia, A., & Marin, M. A. (2009). DSM, salud mental y sındrome de alienaci on parental [DSM, mental health, & parental alienation syndrome] [Spanish]. Papeles del Psicologo, 30(1), 86–91.298. Jeffries, M. (2009). A family’s heartbreak: A parent’s introduction to parental alienation. Stamford, CT: A Family’s Heartbreak, LLC.299. Jelalian, E., & Miller, A. G. (1984). The perseverance of beliefs: Conceptual perspectives and research developments. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2, 25–56.300. Jenkins, S. (2002). Are children protected in the family court? A perspective from Western Australia. ANZJFT Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 23(3), 145–152.301. Jick, T. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(4), 602–611.302. Johnston, J. R. (1993). Children of divorce who refuse visitation. In C. Depner and J. H. Bray (Eds.), Non–residential parenting, new vistas in family living (pp. 109–135). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.303. Johnston, J. R. (1994). High-conflict divorce. Future Child, 4(1), 165–182.304. Johnston, J. R. (2003). Parental alignments and rejection: An empirical study of alienation in children of divorce. Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 31(2), 158–170.305. Johnston, J. R. (2005). Children of divorce who reject a parent and refuse visitation: Recent research and social policy implications for the alienated child. Family Law Quarterly, 38(4), 757–775.306. Johnston, J. R., & Campbell, L. E. G. (1999). Impasses of divorce: The dynamics and resolution of family conflict. New York: Free Press.307. Johnston, J. R., Campbell, L. E. G., & Mayes, S. S. (1985). Latency children in postseparation and divorce disputes. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(5), 563–574.308. Johnston, J. R., & Girdner, L. K. (2001). Family abductors: Descriptive profiles and preventive interventions. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, 1, 1–7.309. Johnston, J. R., Gonzalez, R., & Campbell, L. E. (1987). Ongoing postdivorce conflict and child disturbance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 15(4), 493–509.310. Johnston, J. R., & Kelly, J. B. (2004a). Rejoinder to Gardner’s “Commentary on Kelly and Johnston’s ‘The alienated child: A reformulation of parental alienation syndrome.’” Family Court Review, 42(4), 622–628.311. Johnston, J. R., & Kelly, J. B. (2004b). Commentary on Walker, Brantley, & Rigsbee’s (2004) “A critical analysis of parental alienation syndrome and its admissibility in the family court.” Journal of Child Custody, 1(4), 77–89.312. Johnston, J. R., Kline, M., & Tschann, J. M. (1989). Ongoing postdivorce conflict: Effects on children of joint custody and frequent access. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59(4), 576–592.313. Johnston, J. R., Lee, S., Olesen, N. W., & Walters, M. G. (2005). Allegations and substantiations of abuse in custody-disputing families. Family Court Review, 43(2), 283–294.314. Johnston, J. R., & Roseby, V. (1997). Parental alignments and alienation among children of high-conflict divorce. In J. R. Johnston, V. Roseby, & K. Kuehnle (Eds.), In the name of the child (pp. 193–220). New York: Simon & Schuster.315. Johnston, J. R., Roseby, V., & Kuehnle, K. (2009). In the name of the child: A developmental approach to understanding and helping children of conflicted and violent divorce (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company.316. Johnston, J. R., Walters, M. G., & Friedlander, S. (2001). Therapeutic work with alienated children and their families. Family Court Review, 39(3), 316–333.317. Johnston, J. R., Walters, M. G., & Olesen, N. W. (2005a). Clinical ratings of parenting capacity and Rorschach protocols of custody-disputing parents: An exploratory study. Journal of Child Custody, 2, 159–178.318. Johnston, J. R., Walters, M. G., & Olesen, N. W. (2005b). Is it alienating parenting, role reversal or child abuse? A study of children’s rejection of a parent in child custody disputes. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 5(4), 191–218.319. Johnston, J. R., Walters, M. G., & Olesen, N. W. (2005c). The psychological functioning of alienated children in custody disputing families: An exploratory study. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 23(3), 39–64.320. Jones, C. P. A. (2007). In the best interests of the court: What American lawyers need to know about child custody and visitation in Japan. University of HawaiiAsian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal, 8(2), 166–269.321. Jopt, U., & Behrend, K. (2000a). Das parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Ein zweiphasen-modell I [The parental alienation syndrome: A two-stage model I] [German].Zentralblatt f ¨ur Jugendrecht, 87(6), 223–231.322. Jopt, U., & Behrend, K. (2000b). Das parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Ein zweiphasen-modell II [The parental alienation syndrome: A two-stage model II] [German]. Zentralblatt f ¨ur Jugendrecht, 87(7), 258–271.323. Jopt, U., & Z¨utphen, J. (2002). Elterliche PASsivit¨at nach trennung: Zur bedeutung des betreuenden elternteils f¨ur die PAS-genese [Parental PASsiveness after separation—About the significance of the custodial parent for the genesis of PAS] [German]. In T. Fabian et al. (Eds.), Qualit¨atssicherung in der Rechtspsychologie (pp. 183–197). M¨unster, Germany: Lit-Verlag.324. Joyal, R., Queniart, A., & Van Gijseghem, H. (2005). Enfants en garde partagee: Quelques questions et reponses [Children in joint residential custody: Some questions and answers] [French]. Intervention, (122), 51–59.325. Katona, E. T. (2007). Parental alienation syndrome: Der Verlust des eigenen kindes durch trennung und scheidung: Eine studie ¨uber den verlauf des kontaktabbruchs zum eigenen kind und den daraus resultierenden auswirkungen auf betroffene eltern [Parental alienation syndrome—A study on the course of contact disruption and resulting effects on affected parents] [German]. Dissertation, Institut f¨ur Psychologie der Universit¨at Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.326. Katz, A. (2003). Junk science vs. novel scientific evidence: Parental alienation syndrome: Getting it wrong in custody cases. Pace Law Review, 24(1), 239–243.327. Kelly, J. B., & Emery, R. E. (2003). Children’s adjustment following divorce: Risk and resilience perspectives. Family Relations, 52, 352–362.328. Kelly, J. B., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Using child development research to make appropriate custody and access decisions for young children. Family Court Review, 38(3), 297–311.329. Kelly, J. B., & Johnston, J. R. (2001). The alienated child: A reformulation of parental alienation syndrome. Family Court Review (Special Issue: Alienated children in divorce), 39(3), 249–266.330. Kenan, J., & Bernet, W. (2009). Parental alienation. In A. Jamieson & A. Moenssens (Eds.), Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science, Vol. 4 (pp. 1981–1984). New York: John Wiley & Sons.331. Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation. New York: W. W. Norton.332. Kihlbom, M. (1998). Relationen till f¨or¨aldrarna: grunden f¨or barnets psykiska utveckling [The relation to the parents: The foundation for the child’s mental development] [Swedish]. In Barnets r ¨ att till b °ada f¨or¨aldrarna [The Child’s Right to Both Parents]. Falun, Sweden: R¨adda Barnen [Save the Children].333. King, M. (2002). An autopoietic approach to ‘Parental Alienation Syndrome’. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 13(3), 609–635.334. Klass, J. L., & Klass, J. V. (2005). Threatened mother syndrome (TMS): A diverging concept of parental alienation syndrome (PAS). American Journal of Family Law, 18(4), 189–191.335. Klenner, W. (1995). Rituale der umgangsvereitelung bei getrennt lebenden oder geschiedenen eltern [Rituals of contact refusal from parents in separation or divorce] [German]. Zeitschrift f ¨ur das gesamte Familienrecht, 42(24), 1529–1535.336. Klenner, W. (2002). Szenarien der entfremdung im elterlichen trennungsprozess: Entwurf eines handlungskonzepts von pr¨avention und intervention [Scenarios of alienation in the parental separation process: Design for concept of action for prevention and intervention] [German]. Zentralblatt f ¨ur Jugendrecht, 89(2), 48–57.337. Knappert, C. (2003). Fr¨uhe interventionsstrategien als m¨oglichkeiten der jugendamtsmitarbeiter in der arbeit mit PAS-f¨allen [Possible early intervention strategies implemented by social institutions dealing with PAS cases] [German]. In Wilfrid von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin ¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 333–341). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.338. Kodjoe, U. (2000). Auswirkungen des vater-kind-kontaktverlustes: Der “immaterielle schaden” aus psychologischer Sicht: anmerkungen zur elsholz-entscheidung des europ¨aischen Gerichtshofs f¨ur Menschenrechte [Consequences of fatherchild contact disruption: The “immaterial loss” from a psychological view-point: Remarks about the Elsholz decision] [German]. Der Amtsvormund, 73(8), 641–644.339. Kodjoe, U. (2003a). Die auswirkungen von entfremdung und kontaktabbruch auf betroffene eltern [Consequences of alienation and loss of contact for alienated parents] [German]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 163–166). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.340. Kodjoe, U. (2003b). Vorwort [Preface]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin ¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 11–12). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.341. Kodjoe, U, & Koeppel, P. (1998a). The parental alienation syndrome (PAS) I. Der Amtsvormund, 71(1), 9–26.342. Kodjoe, U, & Koeppel, P. (1998b). The parental alienation syndrome (PAS) II. Der Amtsvormund, 71(2), 135–140.343. Kodjoe, U, & Koeppel, P. (1998c). Fr¨uherkennung von PAS: M¨oglichkeiten psychologischer und rechtlicher Interventionen [Early diagnosis of PAS: Possibilities of psychological and juridical interventions] [German]. Kindschaftsrechtliche Praxis, 1(5), 138–144.344. Koeppel, P. (2000). Zur bedeutung der “Elsholz-entscheidung” f¨ur die fortentwicklung des deutschen kindschaftsrechts: Anmerkungen zum minderheitsvotum aus sicht des verfahrensbevollm¨achtigten [On the significance of the “Elsholz decision” for the further development of German custody laws: Remarks on the minority votum from the view point of the authorized legal representative] [German]. Der Amtsvormund, 73(8), 639–642.345. Koeppel, P. (2001). PAS und das deutsche kindschaftsrecht (juristischer aspekt) [PAS and the German custody laws (legal aspect)] [German]. In S. B¨auerle and H. Moll-Strobel (Eds.), Eltern s ¨agen ihr Kind entzwei—Trennungserfahrungen und Entfremdung von einem Elternteil [Parents sawing their child apart, separationexperiences and alienation of a parent [German] (pp. 65–78). Donauw¨orth,Germany: Auer Verlag.346. Kopetski, L. (1998a). Identifying cases of parent alienation syndrome: Part I. Colorado Lawyer, 27(2), 65–68.347. Kopetski, L. (1998b). Identifying cases of parent alienation syndrome: Part II. Colorado Lawyer, 27(3), 61–64.348. Kopetski, L. (2006). Commentary: Parental alienation syndrome. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 378–390). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.349. Kopetski, L, Rand, D. C., & Rand, R. (2006). Incidence, gender, & false allegations of child abuse, data on 84 parental alienation syndrome cases. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 65–70). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.350. Kraemer, H. C., Noda, A., & O’Hara, R. (2004). Categorical versus dimensional approaches to diagnosis: Methodological challenges. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 38(1), 17–25.351. Krause, M. (2002). PAS und seine geschwister: Strukturell-systemische ¨ Uberlegungen zur gef¨ahrdung des kindeswohls durch sechs verschiedene muster pathologischer trennungsbew¨altigung [PAS and its sisters: Structural-systemic considerations on the risks for the best interests of the child through six different patterns of pathological adjustment to separation] [German]. Das Jugendamt, 75(1), 2–6.352. Krenicky, K. (2003). PAS, parental alienation syndrome: Oder die entfremdung eines kindes von einem elternteil nach trennung oder scheidung [Parental alienation syndrome—or the alienation of a child from a parent after separation or divorce] [German]. Dissertation, P¨adagogische Hochschule Freiburg, Institut f¨ur Psychologie, Freiburg, Germany.353. Krivacska, J. J. (1989). Review of The parental alienation syndrome and the differentiationbetween fabricated and genuine child sex abuse. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, 1(1), 55–56.354. Kuehnle, K. (1996). Assessing allegations of child sexual abuse. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.355. Kuehnle, K. (1998a). Child sexual abuse evaluations: The scientist–practitioner model. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 16(1), 5–20.356. Kuehnle, K. (1998b). Ethics and the forensic expert: A case study of child custody involving allegations of child sexual abuse. Ethics & Behavior, 8(1), 1–18.357. Kuehnle, K., & Connell, M. (2009). The evaluation of child sexual abuse allegations:A comprehensive guide to assessment and testimony. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.358. Kuehnle, K., Greenberg, L.R., & Gottlieb, M. C. (2004). Incoporating the principles of scientifically based child interviews into family law cases. Journal of Child Custody, 1(1), 97–114.359. Kuehnle, K., & Kirkpatrick, H.D. (2005). Evaluating allegations of child sexual abuse within complex child custody cases. Journal of Child Custody, 2(3), 3–39.360. Kvilhaug, S. (2005). Atskillelse barn og foreldre: Hva internasjonal forskning sierom sammenheng mellom atskillelse I barndommen og senere fysiske og psykiske lidelser [Separation of children and parents: What international research says about the relationship between childhood separation and later physical and mental disorders] [Norwegian]. Isdalst¨o, Norway: Cita Forlag.361. Labner, I. (2005). Entfremdung im vater-kind-kontakt nach der scheidung [Alienation in the father-child contact after the divorce] [German]. Dissertation, Universit¨at Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.362. Lamontagne, P. (1999). Syndrome d’alienation parentale: Contexte et pieges de l’intervention [Parental alienation syndrome: Context and pitfalls regarding intervention] [French]. In H. Van Gijseghem (Ed.), Us et abus de la mise en mots en matiere d’abus sexuel [Uses and abuses of the discourse touching upon sexualabuse] (pp. 177–200). Montreal, Canada: Meridien.Lampel, A. K. (1986). Post-divorce therapy with high conflict families. Independent Practitioner, 6(3), 22–26.363. Lampel, A. K. (1996). Children’s alignment with parents in highly conflicted custody cases. Family & Conciliation Courts Review, 34(2), 229–239.364. Lampel, A. K. (1999). Use of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III in evaluating child custody litigants. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 17, 19–32.365. Lampel, A. K. (2002). Assessing for alienation and access in child custody cases: A response to Lee and Olesen. Family Court Review, 40(2), 232–235.366. Lasbats, M. (2004). Etude du syndrome d’alienation parentale a partir d’une expertise civile [Study of the parental alienation syndrome from a civil expertise] [French]. Actualite Juridique Famille, (11), 397–399.367. Lee, S. M., & Olesen, N. W. (2001). Assessing for alienation in child custody and access evaluations. Family Court Review, 39(3), 282–298.368. Leitner, W., & Bamberg, G. (1998). Intervention guided single case help and parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Differential diagnosis and treatment approaches. In S. Sebre, M. Rascevska, & S. Miezite (Eds.), Identity & self esteem: Interactions of students, family, & society (pp. 253–260). Riga, Latvia: SIA.369. Leitner, W. (2004). Bindungsentwicklung und bindungsstoerung unter besonderer beruecksichtigung des “parental-alienation-syndroms” (PAS). [Attachment development and attachment disorder with special regard to the parental alienation syndrome (PAS)] [German]. In K. U. Ettrich (Ed.), Bindungsentwicklung und Bindungsstoerung (pp. 51–58). Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme.370. Leitner, W., & K¨unneth, A. (2006). Parental alienation syndrome: Theory and practice in Germany. In R. A. Gardner, S.R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 108–120). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.371. Leving, J. M. (2006). The parental alienation syndrome and gender bias in the courts. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 391–396). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.372. Levy, A. M. (1982). Disorders of visitation in child custody cases. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 10(4), 471–489.373. Levy, D. (1992). Review of parental alienation syndrome: A guide for mental health and legal professionals. American Journal of Family Therapy, 20(3), 276–277.374. Levy, D. L. (2006). The need for public awareness and policy makers to respond to PAS: A neglected form of child abuse. In R. A. Gardner, S. R.. Sauber, & D.375. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome,conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 153–162). Springfield, IL:Charles C. Thomas.376. Levy, D. M. (1943). Maternal overprotection. New York: Columbia University Press.377. Levy, D. M. (1970). The concept of maternal overprotection. In E. J. Anthony and T. Benedek (Eds.), Parenthood: Its psychology and psychopathology. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.378. Lewis, K. (2009). Child custody evaluations by social workers. Washington, DC: NASW Press.379. Loeb, L. (1986). Fathers and sons: Some effects of prolonged custody litigation.Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 14(2), 177–183.380. Lorandos, D. (2006a). Parental alienation syndrome in American law. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 333–351). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.381. Lorandos, D. (2006b). Parental alienation syndrome: Detractors and the junk science vacuum. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 397–418). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.382. Lord Chancellor’s Advisory Board on Family Law. (2002). Making contact work: A report to the Lord Chancellor on the facilitation of arrangements for contact between children and their non-residential parents and the enforcement of court orders for contact. London: The Stationery Office.383. Lowenstein, L. F. (1998). Parent alienation syndrome: A two step approach toward a solution. Contemporary Family Therapy, An International Journal, 20(4), 505–520.384. Lowenstein, L. F. (1999a). Parental alienation and the judiciary. Medico-legal Journal, 67(Pt 3), 121–123.385. Lowenstein, L. F. (1999b). Parental alienation syndrome (PAS). Justice of the Peace, 163(4), 171–174.386. Lowenstein, L. F. (2001). Tackling parental alienation. Justice of the Peace, 165(6), 102.387. Lowenstein, L. F. (2002). Problems suffered by children due to the effects of parental alienation syndrome (PAS). Justice of the Peace, 166(24), 464–466.388. Lowenstein, L. F. (2003). Tackling parental alienation: A summary. Justice of the Peace, 167(3), 29–30.389. Lowenstein, L. F. (2006a). Overturning the programming of a child. Journal of Parental Alienation, 1(5), 1–12.390. Lowenstein, L. F. (2006b). Signs of PAS and how to counteract its effects. Journal of Parental Alienation, 2(2), 26–30.391. Lowenstein, L. F. (2006c). The psychological effects and treatment of parental alienation syndrome. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual,clinical and legal considerations (pp. 292–301). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.392. Lowenstein, L. F. (2007). Parental alienation: How to understand and address parental alienation resulting from acrimonious divorce or separation. Lyme Regis, Dorset, UK: Russell House Publishing.393. Lowenstein, L. F. (2008). Reducing the hostility. Justice of the Peace, 172(20), 322–324.394. Lubrano Lavadera, A., & Marasco, M. (2005). La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale nelle consulenze tecniche d’ufficio: Uno studio pilota [The parental alienation syndrome and the psychological expert: A pilot study] [Italian]. Maltrattamento e abuso all’infanzia, 7(3), 63–88.395. Luengo Ballester, D., & Coca Vila, A. (2007). Hijos manipulados tras la separacion:Como detectar y tratar la alienacion parental [Children Manipulated after Separation:How to detect and treat parental alienation] [Spanish]. Barcelona, Spain: Viena Ediciones.396. Luengo Ballester, D., & Coca Vila, A. (2009). El sindrome de alienacion parental:80 preguntas y respuestas [The Parental Alienation Syndrome: 80 Questions and Answers] [Spanish]. Barcelona, Spain: Viena Ediciones.397. Luepnitz, D. A. (1982). Child custody: A study of families after divorce. New York: Free Press.398. Luftman, V. H., Veltkamp, L. J., Clark, J. J., Lannacone, S., & Snooks, H. (2005). Practice guidelines in child custody evaluations for licensed clinical social workers. Clinical Social Work Journal, 33(3), 327–357.399. Lund, M. (1995). A therapist’s view of parental alienation syndrome. Family & Conciliation Courts Review, 33(3), 308–316.400. Maccoby, E. E., & Mnookin, R. H. (1992). Dividing the child: Social and legal dilemmasof custody. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.401. Maccoby, E. E., Buchanan, C. M., Mnookin, R. H., & Dornbusch, S. M. (1993). Postdivorce roles of mothers and fathers in the lives of their children. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(1), 24–38.402. Machuca, L. P. (2005). Parental alienation syndrome: Perceptions of parental behaviors and attitudes in divorced vs. non-divorced families. Dissertation, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska.403. Maidment, S. (1998). Parental alienation syndrome: A judicial response? Family Law, 28, 264–266.404. Major, J. A. (2000). Breakthrough parenting: Moving your family from struggle to cooperation. Los Angeles: Breakthrough Parenting Services.405. Major, J. A. (2006). Helping clients deal with parental alienation syndrome. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 276–285). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.406. Malagoli Togliatti, M., & Franci, M. (2005). La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale (PAS): Studi e ricerche [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Studies and research] [Italian]. Maltrattamento e abuso all’infanzia, 7(3), 39–63.407. Malagoli Togliatti, M., & Lubrano Lavadera, A. (2005). La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale (PAS): Epigenesi relazionali [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Epigenesis of relationships] [Italian]. Maltrattamento e abuso all’infanzia, 7(3),7–12.408. Malagoli Togliatti, M., Lubrano Lavadera, A., & Franci, M. (2005). Les enfants du divorce comme protagonistes actifs de la separation conjugale [The children of divorce as active protagonists in the parental separation] [French]. Cahiers critiques de therapie familiale et de pratiques de reseaux, 34(1), 135–156.409. Manonelles, G. N. (2005). Responsabilidad penal del padre obstaculizador La: Ley 24270: Sindrome de alienacion parental (SAP) [Criminal responsibility for obstructing the Father: Law 24270: Parental alienation syndrome (PAS)] [Spanish]. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Ad-Hoc.410. Mart, E. G. (2007). Issue focused forensic child custody assessment. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resources Press.411. Mazzoni, G., & Memon, A. (2003). Imagination can create false autobiographical memories. Psychological Science, 14(2), 186–188.412. Meadow, R. (1993). False allegations of abuse and Munchausen syndrome by proxy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 68(4), 444.413. Meister, R. (2003). Review of Therapeutic interventions for children with parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 31(4), 321–324.414. Mendelson, Rt. (1998). A family divided: A divorced father’s struggle with the child custody industry. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.415. Mercer, D., & Kline Pruett, M. (2001). Your divorce advisor. New York: Simon & Schuster.416. Meyer, C. L., & Quinn, S. (1999). They are my children, too: A mother’s struggle for her sons. New York: PublicAffairs.417. Minunchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.418. Mitcham–Smith, M., & Henry, W. J. (2007). High-conflict divorce solutions: Parenting coordination as an innovative co-parenting intervention. Family Journal, 15(4), 368–373.419. Mitchell, J. (2002). Parental alienation and the courts. Medico-legal Journal, 70(Pt 4), 194–195.420. Mone, J. G., & Biringen, Z. (2006). Perceived parent–child alienation: Empirical assessment of parent-child relationships within divorced and intact families. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 45(3–4), 131–156.421. Mone, J. G. (2008). Family members’ narratives on divorce and interparental conflict. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.422. Morrison, S. L. (2006). Parental alienation syndrome: An inter-rater reliability study: Alienating behaviors: Related Justice System Issues. Dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi.423. Moskopp, S. (2006). The parental alienation ayndrome. (PAS)—Das elterliche entfremdungssyndrom: M¨oglichkeiten der intervention und kritische reflexion [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Possibilities for intervention and critical reflection] [German]. Dissertation, Fachhochschule Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany.424. Moss, D. C. (1988). Teaching kids to hate. ABA Journal, 74, 19–20.425. Murray, K. (1999). When children refuse to visit parents: Is prison an appropriate remedy? Family Court Review, 37(1), 83–98.426. Namyslowska, I., Heitzman, J., & Siewierska, A. (2009). Zespol Gardnera: Zespol oddzielenia od drugoplanowego opiekuna (PAS): Rozpoznanie czy rzeczywistosc rodzinna? [Gardner Syndrome: Parent alienation syndrome (PAS): Diagnosis or family reality?] [Polish]. Psychiatria Polska, (1), 5–17.427. Napp-Peters, A. (1995). Familien nach der scheidung [Families after divorce] [German]. Munich, Germany: Verlag Antje Kunstmann.428. Napp-Peters, A. (2005). Mehrelternfamilien als “normal”-Familien: Ausgrenzung und eltern-kind-entfremdung nach trennung und scheidung [Multi-parent families as “normal” families: Segregation and parent-child-alienation after separation and divorce] [German]. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 54(10), 792–801.429. National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. (2006). Navigating custody & visitation evaluations in cases with domestic violence: A judge’s guide. Reno, NV: National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges.430. National Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Child Custody Law. (1998). Legal and mental health perspectives on child custody law: A deskbook for judges. Eagan, MN: West Group.431. Neustein, A., & Lesher, M. (2009). Evaluating PAS: A critique of Elizabeth Ellis’s “A stepwise approach to evaluating children for PAS.” Journal of Child Custody, 6, 322–325.432. Ney, T. (1995). True and false allegations of child sexual abuse: Assessment and case management. New York: Brunner/Mazel Publisher.433. Nicholas, L. (1997). Does parental alienation syndrome exist? Preliminary empirical study of the phenomenon in custody and visitation disputes. Proceedings of Thirteenth Annual Symposium of the American College of Forensic Psychology, Vancouver, British Columbia.434. Nicholson, E. B., & Bulkley, J., (Eds.). (1988). Sexual abuse allegations in custody and visitation cases. Washington, DC: American Bar Association.435. Niggemyer, K. (1998). Parental alienation is open heart surgery: It needs more than a band–aid to fix it. California Western Law Review, 34, 567–589.436. Novak, T. (2005). Syndrom zavrˇzenı se nemusı tykat jen vztahu rodiˇce a dıtˇete [PAS does not have to involve a parent and a child only] [Czech]. Pravo a rodina, (11), 1.437. Novak, T. (2008). Syndrom zavrˇzeneho rodiˇce [Parental alienation syndrome] [Czech]. In Vztah otce a syna [between father and son]. Prague, Czech Republic: Grada.438. Novick, M. R. (2003). Review of Therapeutic interventions for children with parental alienation syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis & Dynamic Psychiatry, 31(2), 418–421.439. Nurcombe, B., & Partlett, D. F. (1994). Child mental health and the law. New York: Free Press.440. O’Leary, K. D., & Moerk, K. C. (1999). Divorce, children, and the courts: Evaluating the use of the parent alienation syndrome in custody disputes. Expert Evidence, 7(2), 127–146.441. Odinetz, O. (2009). L’alienation parentale: Une source de souffrance pour l’enfant. [Parental alienation: A source of suffering for the child] [French]. Metiers de la petite enfance, 15(150), 8–10.442. Odyniec, H. (2005). De l’enfant-otage a l’enfant-soldat: Chroniques de guerres familiales [From child-hostage to child-soldier: Chronical of family wars] [French]. Divorce et Separation, (3), 128–137.443. Olness, K., & Kohen, D. P. (1996). Hypnosis and hypnotherapy with children (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.444. Owusu-Bempah, K. (2007). Children and separation: Socio-genealogical connectedness perspective. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.445. ¨ Oberg, B., & ¨ Oberg, G. (1992). Pappa, se mig! Om f¨ornekade barn och maktl¨osa f ¨ader [Father, see me! About rejected children and powerless fathers] [Swedish]. Stockholm, Sweden: F¨orlagshuset Gothia.446. Palmer, N. R. (1988). Legal recognition of the parental alienation syndrome. AmericanJournal of Family Therapy, 16(4), 361–363.447. Palmer, S. E. (2002). Custody and access issues with children whose parents are separated or divorced. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, (4 Suppl), 25–38.448. Pannier, J. (2007). Autorite parentale: Droit de visite et d’hebergement: Alienation parentale [Parental authority: Rights of access and accommodation: Parental alienation] [French]. La Revue d’Action Juridique et Sociale, 270, 58–62.449. Parrini, A. (2008). Separazioni distruttive tra conflittualita e alienazione: Aspetti psicologici e giuridici [Destructive separation in the midst of conflicts and alienation:Psychological and legal aspects] [Italian]. Chieti, Italy: Psiconline.450. Pavlat, J. (2005). Deti v rozvodovych sporech: Severoamericke studie (1980—2001) [Children in divorce conflicts: American studies (1980–2001)] [Czech]. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 49(5), 422–431.451. Pavlat, J., & Susta, M. (2008). Deti v rodicovskych soudnıch sporech [Children in parental litigation] [Czech]. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 52(5), 458–467.452. Pearl, P. S. (1994). Emotional abuse. In J. A. Monteleone & A. E. Brodeur (Eds.),Child maltreatment, A clinical guide and reference (pp. 259–282). St. Louis, MO: G. W. Medical Publishing.453. Pedrosa, D. S., & Bouza, J. M. (2008). (SAP) sındrome de alienacion parental: Proceso de obstruccion del vınculo entre los hijos y uno de sus progenitores[(PAS) Parental alienation syndrome: Process of obstruction of the bond between the child and parent] [Spanish]. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Garcıa Alonso.454. Peterson, J. L., & Zill, N. (1986). Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, & behavior problems in children. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48(2), 295–307.455. Pett, M. A., Wampold, B. E., Turner, C. W., & Vaughan-Cole, B. (1999). Paths of influence of divorce on preschool children’s psychosocial adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 13(2), 145–164.456. Pickett, C. L., & Brewer, M. B. (2005). The role of exclusion in maintaining ingroup inclusion. In D. Abrams, M. A. Hogg, & J. M. Marques (Eds.), The social psychology of inclusion and exclusion (p. 89–112). New York: Psychology Press.457. Pollack, D., & Mason, S. (2004). In the best interest of the child. Family Court Review, 42(1), 74–84.458. Poole, D. A., & Lamb, M. E. (1998). Investigative interviews of children: A guide for helping professionals. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.459. Pressmann, R. M. (2007). Review of The international handbook of parental alienationsyndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 35(3), 284–285.460. Price, J. L., & Pioske, K. S. (1994). Parental alienation syndrome: A developmental analysis of a vulnerable population. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and MentalHealth Services, 32(11), 9–12.461. Primo, F. (2008). Sindrome d’alienazione Genitoriale (PAS) e sospetto abuso sessuale infantile [Parental alienation syndrome (PAS) and suspicion of child sexual abuse] [Italian]. Dissertation, Universita degli Studi di Bari, Bari, Italy.462. Pruett, K. D., & Pruett, M. K. (Eds.). (2009). Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America: Child custody. New York: W. B. Saunders.463. Pruett, M. K., & Mercer, D. (2002). Your divorce advisor: A lawyer and a psychologist guide you through the legal and emotional landscape of divorce. New York: Simon and Schuster.464. Racusin, R., Copans, S. A., & Mills, P. (1994). Characteristics of families of children who refuse post-divorce visits. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 792–801.465. Ramirez, M. (2004). Psicologıa y derecho de familia: Trastorno mental y alternativa de custodia: El sındrome de alienaci on parental [Psychology and family law: Mental disorder and alternative care: Parental alienation syndrome] [Spanish]. Psicopatologıa Clınica Legal y Forense, 4(1–3), 147–154.466. Rand, D. C. (1997a). The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome: Part I. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 15(3), 23–52.467. Rand, D. C. (1997b). The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome: Part II. AmericanJournal of Forensic Psychology, 15(4), 39–92.468. Rand, D. C. (in press). The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome: Part IV, Critics of parental alienation syndrome and the politics of science: Part I. AmericanJournal of Family Therapy.469. Rand, D. C., & Rand, R. (2006). Factors affecting reconciliation between the child and target parent. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 163–176). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.470. Rand, D. C., & Rand, R., & Kopetski, L. (2005). The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome: Part III: The Kopetski follow-up study. American Journal of ForensicPsychology, 23(1), 15–43.471. Raso, C. (2004). If the bread goes stale, it’s my dad’s fault: The parental alienation syndrome. Dissertation, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec.472. Reay, K. M. (2007). Psychological distress among adult children of divorce who perceive experiencing parental alienation syndrome in earlier years. Dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, Minnesota.473. Reich, W. (1945/2006). Charakteranalyse [Character Analysis] [German] (8th ed.). Cologne, Germany: Kiepenheuer & Witsch.474. Reich, W. (1949). Character analysis (3rd ed.). New York: Orgone Institute Press. Reischer, H. (1999). Review of The parental alienation syndrome: A guide for mental health and legal professionals. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(3), 504–506.475. Reppucci, N. D. (1984). The wisdom of Solomon: Issues in child custody determinations. In N. D. Reppucci et al. (Eds.), Children, mental health, & the law. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.476. Rexilius, G. (1999). Kindeswohl und PAS: Zur aktuellen diskussion des parental alienation syndrome [The best interests of the child and PAS: The ongoing discussion of parental alienation syndrome] [German]. Kindschaftsrechtliche Praxis,477. 2, 149–159.478. Richardson, P. (2006). A kidnapped mind: A mother’s heartbreaking memoir of parental alienation. Toronto, Canada: Dundurm.479. Rohrbaugh, J. B. (2008). A comprehensive guide to child custody evaluations, mental health and legal perspectives. New York: Springer Science + Business Media.480. Roseby, V., & Johnston, J. R. (1995). Clinical interventions with latency-age children of high conflict and violence. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65(1), 48–59.481. Roseby, V., & Johnston, J. R. (1998). Children of Armageddon: Common developmental threats in high-conflict divorcing families. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7(2), 295–309.482. Ross, L., Lepper, M. R., & Hubbard, M. (1975). Perseverance in self-perception and social perception: Biased attribution processes in the debriefing paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(5), 880–892.483. Rueda, C. A. (2003). Parental alienation syndrome: An inter-rater reliability study. Dissertation, Walden University.484. Rueda, C. A. (2004). An inter-rater reliability study of parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 32(5), 391–403.485. Salluzzo, M. A. (2004). Psicopatologia nella separazione, divorzio, e affidamento [Psychopathology in separation, divorce, and custody] [Italian]. Attualita in Psicologia, 19(3/4), 221–235.486. Salluzzo, M. A. (2006). La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale (PAS): psicopatologia e abuso dell’affidamento nelle separazione: Interventi di confine tra psicologia e giustizia [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Psychopathology and abuse of custody in separation: Borderline interventions between psychology and justice.] [Italian]. Rivista Scientifica di Psicologia, 8(January), 6–18.487. Sauber, S. R. (2006). PAS as a family tragedy: Roles of family members, professionals, & the justice system. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome: conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 12–32). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.488. Sauber, S. R. (2007). Review of Adult children of parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 35(4), 385–386.489. Schacht, T. E. (1999). Prevention strategies to protect professionals and families involved in high-conflict divorce. University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review, 22, 565–581.490. Schade, B. (2002). Umgangsregelung gegen den “kindeswillen”? [Visitation order against the “child’s will?”] [German]. In T. Fabian et al. (Eds.), Qualit¨atssicherung in der Rechtspsychologie (pp. 213–222). M¨unster, Germany: Lit-Verlag.491. Schauss, S. L., Chase, P. N., & Hubbard, M. (1997). Environment-behavior relations, behavior therapy, & the process of persuasion and attitude change. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 28, 31–40.492. Schepard, A. (2001). Alienated children in divorce. Family Court Review, 39(3).493. Schetky, D. H., & Benedek, E. P. (Eds.). (2001). Principles and practice of child and adolescent forensic psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.494. Schmidt, E., & Mees, A. (Eds.). (2006). Vergiss, dass es dein vater ist! Ehemals entfremdete kinder im gespr¨ach [Remember that it is your father: Formerly alienated children in conversation] [German]. Norderstedt, Germany: Books on Demand.495. Schreier, H. A. (1996). Repeated false allegations of sexual abuse presenting to sheriffs: When is it munchausen by proxy? Child Abuse & Neglect, 20(10), 985– 991.496. Schultz, G. C. (2007). Unlawful flight: A parental kidnapping. New York: Wind Blown Books.497. Schutz, B. M., Dixon, E. B., Lindberger, J. C., & Ruther, N. J.,(1989). Solomon’s sword: A practical guide to conducting child custody evaluations. San Francisco: Jossey- Bass Publishers.498. Sch¨utz, H. (2003). Familie und verantwortung: Nachdenkliche anmerkungen eines deutschen familienrichters [Family and responsibility: Comments for reflection of a German family judge] [German]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 85–88). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.499. Segura, C., Gil, M. J., & Sepulveda, M. A. (2006). El sındrome de alienaci on parental: Una forma de maltrato infantil [The parental alienation syndrome: A form of child abuse] [Spanish]. Cuadernos de Medicina Forense (43–44), 117–128.500. Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. J., Hood, W. R., & Sherif, C. W. (1988). The robbers cave experiment. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press.501. Shopper, M. (2005). Parental alienation: The creation of a false reality. In L. Gunsberg and P. Hymowitz (Eds.), A handbook of divorce and custody, forensic, developmental, & clinical perspectives (pp. 109–125). Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press.502. Siegel, J. C. (1996). Traditional MMPI-2 validity indicators and initial presentation in custody evaluations. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 14(3), 55–64.503. Siegel, J. C., & Langford, J. S. (1998). MMPI-2 validity scales and suspected parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 16(4), 5–14.504. Simons, V., Grossman, L. S., & Weiner, B. J. (1990). A study of families in high-conflict custody disputes: Effects of psychiatric evaluation. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 18(1), 85–97.505. Sinha, A. K., Singh, A. P., & Kumari, A. (1988). Parent evaluation as a function of sex and alienation. Indian Journal of Current Psychological Research, 3(1), 29–33.506. Skoler, G. (1998). A psychological critique of international child custody and abduction law. Family Law Quarterly, 32(3), 557–602.507. Sobal, B. B. (2006). Parental alienation syndrome and international child abduction: A multigenerational syndrome. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 433–438). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.508. Sobal, B. B., & Hilton, W. M. (2002). Article 13(b) of The Hague Convention Treaty: Does it create a loophole for parental alienation syndrome (‘PAS’): An insidious abduction? International Lawyer, 35(3), 997–1025.509. Spangenberg, B., & Spangenberg, E. (2002). Induzierte Umgangsverweigerung (PAS) und richterliche kreativit¨at [Induced visitation refusal (PAS) and creativity of judges] [German]. Familie, Partnerschaft und Recht, 8(6), 256–257.510. Spruijt, E., Goede, M., & Vandervalk, I. (2004). Frequency of contact with nonresident fathers and adolescent well-being: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 40(3–4), 77–90.511. Spruijt, E., Eikelenboom, B., Harmeling, J., Stokkers, R., & Kormos, H. (2005).512. Parental alienation syndrome (PAS) in the Netherlands. American Journal of Family Therapy, 33(4), 303–317.513. Stahl, P. M. (1994). Conducting child custody evaluations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.514. Stahl, P. M. (1999a). Complex issues in child custody evaluations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.515. Stahl, P. M. (1999b). Personality traits of parents and developmental needs of children in high-conflict families. Academy of Certified Family Law, Specialists Newsletter, Winter 1999(3), 8–16.516. Stahl, P. M. (1999c). Alienation and alignment of children. California Psychologist, 32(3), 23–29.517. Stahl, P. M. (2003). Understanding and evaluating alienation in high-conflict custody cases. Wisconsin Journal of Family Law, 24(1), 20–26.518. Stahl, P. M. (2007). Parenting after divorce: resolving conflicts, and meeting your children’s needs (2nd ed.). Atascadero, CA: Impact Publishers.519. Stamps, L. E., Kunen, S., & Rock-Faucheux, A. (1998). Judges’ beliefs dealing with child custody decisions. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 28(1), 3–16.520. Steinberger, C. (2006a). Father? What father? Parental alienation and its effect on children: Part I. Family Law Review, 38(1), 10–24.521. Steinberger, C. (2006b). Father? What father? Parental alienation and its effect on children: Part II. Family Law Review, 38(2), 9–14.522. Stephens, R. (2009). The long history of PAS. Retrieved June 11, 2009, from Glenn Sacks Web site:http://glennsacks.com/blog/?=3825.523. Stett, D. (2009). Auswirkung des elterlichen konfliktniveaus auf betroffene scheidungskinder: Empirische untersuchung anhand einer scheidungskindergruppe [Effects of parental conflict level on affected children of divorce: Empirical research based on a group for children whose parents are divorced] [German]. Dissertation, Universit¨at Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.524. Stoltz, J. M., & Key, T. (2002). Resistance to visitation: Rethinking parental and child alienation. Family Court Review, 40(2), 220–231.525. Stoner-Moskowitz, J. (1998). The Effect of parental alienation syndrome and interparental conflict on the self–concept of children of divorce. Dissertation, Miami Institute of Psychology of the Caribbean Center for Advanced Studies, Miami, Florida.526. Strauss, A. C., Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. (2007). Basics of qualitative research:Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.527. Stuart-Mills-Hoch, P., & Hoch, R. (2003). Successful reintegration of severely alienated children and their parents. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin ¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 353–65). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bidung.528. Sullivan, M., & Kelly, J. B. (2001). Legal and psychological management of cases with an alienated child. Family Court Review, 39(3), 299–315.529. Summers, C. C., & Summers, D. M. (2006). Parentectomy in the crossfire. American Journal of Family Therapy, 34(3), 243–261.530. Summers, D. M., & Summers, C. C. (2006). Unadulterated arrogance: Autopsy of the narcissistic parental alienator. American Journal of Family Therapy, 34(5), 399–428.531. Sutherland, P. C. (2002). Perilous journey: A mother’s international quest to rescue her children—A true story. Far Hills, NJ: New Horizon Press.532. Szabo, C. P. (2002). Parental alienation syndrome. South African Psychiatry Review, 5(3), 1.533. ˇSvarc, J., & Bakalaˇr, E. (2004). Syndrom zavrˇzeneho rodiˇce: Pˇrıˇciny, diagnostika, terapie [Parental alienation syndrome: Etiology, diagnostics, therapy] [Czech]. Prakticky lekar, 84(1), 40–45.534. Tejedor Huerta, A. (2006). Reflexiones sobre el sındrome de alienaci on parental [Thoughts on parental alienation syndrome] [Spanish]. In T. Fabian, C. B¨ohm, & J. Romero (Eds.), Nuevos caminos y conceptos en la psicologıa jurıdica [New paths in psychology and legal concepts]. Berlin: Lit Verlag.535. Tejedor Huerta, A. (2007a). El sındrome de alienacion parental una forma de maltrato [Parental alienation syndrome is a form of abuse] [Spanish]. Madrid, Spain: EOS.536. Tejedor Huerta, A. (2007b). Intervencion ante el sındrome de alienaci on parental [Response to parental alienation syndrome] [Spanish]. Anuario de Psicologıa Juridical, 17, 79–89.537. Tejedor Huerta, A. (2008). SAP y maltrato [PAS: A form of abuse] [Spanish]. In F. J. Rodrıguez et al. (Eds.), Psicologia juridica. Familia y victimologia. Oviedo, Spain: Ediciones de la Universidad de Oviedo.538. Tejedor Huerta, A. (2009). Pautas de intervencion ante casos de SAP en la familia [Intervention in cases of parental alienation syndrome] [Spanish]. In J. U. Portillo (Ed.), Mas cerca del hogar” [Closer to home]. Madrid, Spain: Editorial LID.539. Texmo, O. (2007). Et langt og vanskelig ord: Om metodisk p ° avisning av olike typer av foreldrefiendtliggj¨oring med referanse til Bone & Walsh (1999) kriterier for identifisering av PAS (Parental Alienation Syndrome) [A long and difficult word: The methodical detection of different types of parental alienation with reference to the Bone & Walsh (1999) Criteria for the Identification of PAS (Parental Alienation Syndrome)] [Norwegian]. Retrieved January 25, 2010, from www.krisesenter.org/eletexmo/.540. Thuen, F. (2004). Livet som deltidsforeldre [Life as a part time parent] [Norwegian]. Bergen, Norway: Fagbokforlaget.541. Torgersen, T. (1995a). Vitenskap og synsing [Science and believing] [Norwegian].Aftenposten, February 24, 1995.542. Torgersen, T. (1995b). Foreldrehat-syndromet [The parental hate syndrome] [Norwegian]. Aftenposten, March 10, 1995.543. Torgersen, T. (2008a). Konflikt som maktmedel [Conflict as a power tool] [Norwegiannewspaper]. Dagsavisen, March 7, 2008.544. Torgersen, T. (2008b). Samvaersrett og avmakt [Visitiation rights and powerlessness] [Norwegian newspaper]. Dagsavisen, August 6, 2008.545. Traube, R. B. (2006). Separations conflictuelles en pedopsychiatrie legale [Conflicting separations in forensic child psychiatry] [French]. Schweizer Archiv fur Neurologie und Psychiatrie, 157(6), 270–277.546. Tremintin, J. (2005). Quand l’enfant se retrouve piege: L’alienation parentale [When the child finds himself/herself trapped: Parental alienation] [French]. Lien Social, 739, 4–14.547. Trnka, V. (1967). Vliv popouzenı proti neˇkteremu z rodicˇu° na adaptovanost deˇtı z rozvedenych manˇzelstvı [The effect of inciting children against the other parent on the adaptability of children from divorced families] [Czech]. Ceska Pediatrie, 22(6), 468–481.548. Trnka, V. (1974). Dˇeti a rozvody [Children and divorce] [Czech]. Prague, Czech Republic: Avicenum.
549. Troiano F. - "PAS: Sindrome di alienazione genitoriale - Un problema familiare ed istituzionale" Tesi di Laurea - Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti - Facoltà di Psicologia Corso di laurea in Scienze Psicologiche - Relatore: M. Cristina Verrocchio, Rivista Telematica Psychomedia, http://www.psychomedia.it/pm-thesis/troiano/troiano.pdf550. Tschann, J. M., Johnston, J. R., Kline, M., & Wallerstein, J.S. (1990). Conflict, loss, change and parent-child relationships: Predicting children’s adjustment during divorce. Journal of Divorce, 13(4), 1–22.551. Tschudi-Winkler, G. (2006). Eltern-kind-entfremdung bei geschiedenen eltern: Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS): Syndrom-enstehung und auswirkungen auf das kind sowie interventionsm¨oglichkeiten [Parent-child alienation in case of divorced parents. Parental alienation syndrome (PAS): Syndrome development and effects on the child as well as possibilities for intervention] [German]. Dissertation, Fachhochschule Z¨urich, Z¨urich, Switzerland.552. Turkat, I. D. (1994). Child visitation interference in divorce. Clinical Psychology Review, 14(8), 737–742.553. Turkat, I. D. (1995). Divorce related malicious mother syndrome. Journal of Family Violence, 10(3), 253–264.554. Turkat, I. D. (1997). Management of visitation interference. Judge’s Journal, 36(2), 17–47.555. Turkat, I. D. (2000). Custody battle burnout. American Journal of Family Therapy, 28(3), 201–215.556. Turkat, I. D. (2002). Parental alienation syndrome: A review of critical issues. Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, 18, 131–176.557. Turkat, I. D. (2005). False allegations of parental alienation. American Journal of Family Law, 19, 1–15.558. United States Census Bureau. (2009). Living arrangements of children under 18 years and marital status of parents, 2008. Retrieved November 23, 2009, from United States Census Bureau Web site: www.census.gov.559. Urra, J. (2009). Mas cerca del hogar [Closer to home] [Spanish]. Madrid, Spain: LID.560. Utesch, W. E. (1999). Book review of The parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 27(3), 286.561. Vallejo, R., Sanchez-Barranco, F., & Sanchez-Barranco, P. (2004). Separacion o divorcio: Trastornos psicologicos en los padres y los hijos [Separation or divorce: Psychological disorders in parents and children] [Spanish]. Revista de la Asociaci on Espa˜nola de Neuropsiquiatrıa, 92, 91–110.562. ValueOptions. (2006). V-Codes, Relational problems. In ValueOptions Provider Handbook. Available at:http://www.valueoptions.com/providers/Handbook.htm563. Van Gijseghem, H. (2002). Le syndrome d’alienation parentale [Parental alienation syndrome] [French]. La Revue d’Action Juridique & Sociale, (218), 38–41.564. Van Gijseghem, H. (2004). L’alienation parentale: Les principales controverses [Parental alienation: The principal controversies] [French]. La Revue d’Action Juridique et Sociale, (237), 11–18.565. Van Gijseghem, H. (2005a). L’alienation parentale: Points controverses [Parental alienation: Controversies] [French]. Divorce et Separation, 3, 13–27.566. Van Gijseghem, H. (2005b). Les controverses entourant la notion de l’alienation parentale [The controversies surrounding the notion of parental alienation] [French]. Revue de Psychoeducation, 34(1), 119–129.567. Van Gijseghem, H. (2009). Belangrijkste controverses over ouderverstoting [Principal controversies regarding parental alienation] [Dutch]. In J. Zander (Eds.), Verpasseerd Ouderschap [Boycotted Parenting] (pp. 45–62). Deventer, The Netherlands: Rela Publishing.568. Van Gijseghem, H., & Lamontagne, P. (2008). L’alienation parentale: Comment intervenir? [Parental alienation: How to intervene?] [French]. In J. E. Vanderheyden (Eds.), Approcher le divorce conflictuel. [Approaches to high-conflict divorce] (pp. 136–143). Namur, Belgium: Editions Feuilles Familiales.569. Van Horn, P., & Groves, B.M. (2006). Children exposed to domestic violence: Making trauma-informed custody and visitation decisions. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 57(1), 51–60.570. Vanderheyden, J. (Ed.). (2008). Approcher le divorce conflictuel [Approaching conflicting divorces] [French]. Malonne, Belgium: Feuilles Familiales Publishers.571. Vassiliou, D. (2005). The impact of the legal system on parental alienation syndrome. Dissertation, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.572. Vassiliou, D., & Cartwright, G.F. (2001). The lost parents’ perspective on parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Therapy, 29(3), 181–191.573. Vestal, A. (1999). Mediation and parental alienation syndrome: Considerations for an intervention model. Family & Conciliation Courts Review, 37(4), 487–503.574. Volz, J. (2005). Das elterliche entfremdungssyndrom. (PAS) [The parental alienation syndrome (PAS)] [German]. Dissertation, P¨adagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany. von Boch-Galhau, W. (2001). Trennung und scheidung im hinblick auf die kinder und die auswirkungen auf das erwachsenenleben unter besonderer ber¨ucksichtigung des parental alienation syndrome. (PAS) [Separation and divorce as regards children and consequences for adult life under special consideration of the parental alienation syndrome(PAS)] [German]. In S. B¨auerle and H. Moll-Strobel (Eds.), Eltern s ¨agen ihr Kind entzwei, Trennungserfahrungen und Entfremdung von einem Elternteil [Parents sawing their child apart, separation experience and alienation from a parent] [German] (pp. 37–64). Donauw¨orth, Germany: Auer.575. von Boch-Galhau, W. (2002a). sındrome de alienaci on parental (PAS), influencia de la separacion y el divorcio sobre la vida adulta de los hijos [Parental alienation syndrome. (PAS), Influence of separation and divorce on the adult life of the children] [Spanish]. Revista Argentina de Psicologıa Clınica, 11(2), 113–138.576. von Boch–Galhau, W. (2002b). Le syndrome d’alienation parentale. (SAP/PAS)—Impacts de la separation et du divorce sur les enfants et sur leur vie d’adulte [The parental alienation syndrome. (PAS)—Impact of separation and divorce on children and on their adult life] [French]. Synapse, Journal de Psychiatrie et Systeme Nerveux Central, 188, 23–34.577. von Boch-Galhau, W. (2003). Folgen der PAS—Indoktrinierung f¨ur betroffene erwachsene scheidungskinder [Consequences of PAS indoctrination for children of divorce as adults] [German]. In W. von Boch-Galhau et al. (Eds.), Das Parental Alienation Syndrom, Eine interdisziplin ¨are Herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende Berufe (pp. 157–161). Berlin: Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.578. von Boch-Galhau, W., & Kodjoe, U. (2003). Parental alienation syndrome—Psychische folgen f¨ur erwachsene scheidungskinder und f¨ur betroffene eltern [Parental alienation syndrome: Psychological consequences for adult children of divorce and for affected parents] [German]. Interdisziplin ¨are Fachzeitschrift Kindesmisshandlung und –vernachl¨assigung, 6(1/2), 66–97.579. von Boch-Galhau, W., & Kodjoe, U. (2005). Syndrome d’alienation parentale: Une forme de maltraitance psychologique des enfants en cas de separation ou de divorce conflictuel des parents [Parental alienation syndrome: A kind of psychological abuse of children in the context of conflictual separation or divorce of the parents] [French]. Divorce et Separation, 3, 91–115.580. von Boch-Galhau, W., & Kodjoe, U. (2006a). Syndrome d’alienation parentale: Une forme sousestimee de maltraitance psychologique des enfants en cas de separation ou de divorce conflictuel des parents [Parental alienation syndrome: An underestimated kind of psychological abuse of children in the context of conflictual separation or divorce of parents] [French]. Synapse, Journal de Psychiatrie et Systeme Nerveux Central, 227, 11–18.581. von Boch-Galhau, W., & Kodjoe, U. (2006b). Psychological consequences of PAS indoctrination for adult children of divorce and the effects of alienation on parents. In R. A. Gardner, S. R. Sauber, & D. Lorandos (Eds.), The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome, Conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (pp. 310–322). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.582. von Boch-Galhau, W., & Kodjoe, U. (2007). Endoctrinement et rupture des liens en cas de “syndrome d’alienation parentale”, Consequences psychologiques sur les enfants du divorce devenus adultes [Indoctrination and rupture of attachment in a case of “parental alienation syndrome”—Psychological consequences for children of divorces as adults] [French]. Revue Internationale de Psychosociologie, 13(30), 89–111.583. von Boch-Galhau, W., Kodjoe, U., Andritzky, W., & Koeppel, P. (Eds.). (2003). Das parental alienation syndrom, Eine interdisziplin¨are herausforderung f ¨ur scheidungsbegleitende berufe [The parental alienation syndrome, An interdisciplinary challenge for professionals involved with divorce] [German]. Berlin:Verlag f¨ur Wissenschaft und Bildung.584. Waldron, K. H., & Joanis, D. E. (1996). Understanding and collaboratively treating parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Law, 10(3), 121–133.585. Walker, A. J. (2006). The extreme consequence of parental alienation syndrome: The Richard Lohstroh case of a child driven to kill his father: Will courts move toward allowing children to use parental alienation syndrome as a defense to the crime of murder of their own parent? Women’s Rights Law Reporter, 27(3), 153–164.586. Walker, L. E. A., Brantley, K. L., & Rigsbee, J. A. (2004a). A critical analysis of parental alienation syndrome and its admissibility in the family court. Journal of Child Custody, 1(2), 47–74.587. Walker, L. E. A., Brantley, K. L., & Rigsbee, J. A. (2004b). Response to Johnston and Kelly critique of PAS article. Journal of Child Custody, 1(4), 91–97.588. Wallerstein, J. S., & Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second chances: Men, women, & children a decade after divorce. New York: Ticknor & Fields.589. Wallerstein, J. S., & Blakeslee, S. (2003). What about the kids? Raising your children before, during, & after divorce. New York: Hyperion.590. Wallerstein, J. S., & Lewis, J. M. (1998). The long-term impact of divorce on children: A first report from a 25-year study. Family & Conciliation Courts Review, 36, 368–383.591. Wallerstein, J. S., Lewis, J. M., & Blakeslee, S. (2000). The unexpected legacy of divorce: The 25 year landmark study. New York: Hyperion.592. Wallerstein, J. S., & Kelly, J. B. (1976). The effects of parental divorce: Experiences of the child in later latency. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46, 256–269.593. Wallerstein, J. S., & Kelly, J. B. (1980). Surviving the breakup. New York: Basic Books.594. Walsh, M. R., & Bone, J. M. (1997). Parental alienation syndrome: An age–old custody problem. Florida Bar Journal, 71(6), 93–96.595. Wamboldt, M. Z., Wamboldt, F. S., Gavin, L., & McTaggart, S. (2001). A parent-child relationship scale derived from the child and adolescent psychiatric assessment (CAPA). Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(8), 945–953